Cosmetic compositions and methods

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates generally to methods of use and compositions useful for treating skin to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, moisturize skin, lighten skin, reduce inflammation, increase skin firmness, and/or increase skin elasticity. The composition includes a combination of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, and Argania spinosa kernel oil.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to U.S. Application 62/472,636filed Mar. 16, 2017; the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to compositions that can be usedin cosmetic compositions, used to clean, condition, and/or protect skin,and/or to improve the skin's condition and/or visual appearance. Incertain aspects, the compositions can include, for example, acombination of ingredients to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, promotemoisturization, lighten skin, reduce inflammation, increase skinfirmness, and/or increase skin elasticity. This combination ofingredients can be included in a wide-range of product formulations(e.g., masks, serums, creams, cleansers, toners, gels, emulsions, gelemulsions, gel serums, etc.).

B. Description of Related Art

Ageing, chronic exposure to adverse environmental factors, malnutrition,fatigue, etc., can change the visual appearance, physical properties, orphysiological functions of skin in ways that are considered visuallyundesirable. The most notable and obvious changes include thedevelopment of fine lines and wrinkles, loss of elasticity, increasedsagging, loss of firmness, loss of color evenness or tone, coarsesurface texture, and mottled pigmentation. Less obvious but measurablechanges which occur as skin ages or endures chronic environmental insultinclude a general reduction in cellular and tissue vitality, reductionin cell replication rates, reduced cutaneous blood flow, reducedmoisture content, accumulated errors in structure and function,alterations in the normal regulation of common biochemical pathways, anda reduction in the skin's ability to remodel and repair itself. Many ofthe alterations in appearance and function of the skin are caused bychanges in the outer epidermal layer of the skin, while others arecaused by changes in the lower dermis.

Maintaining moisture of the skin helps overcome some unwanted changes inskin. However, maintaining moisture of the skin can be difficult.Exposure to chemicals, solvents, washing, cosmetics, fabrics, or dryenvironments are some of the many ways that skin can lose moisture.

Moisturizers are complex mixtures of chemical agents specially designedto make the external layers of the skin (epidermis) softer and morepliable. Some moisturizers increase the skin's hydration (water content)by reducing evaporation. Naturally occurring skin lipids and sterols, aswell as artificial or natural oils, humectants, emollients, lubricants,etc., may be part of the composition of commercial skin moisturizers.They usually are available as commercial products for cosmetic andtherapeutic uses, but can also be made at home using common pharmacyingredients. However, moisturizers are not perfect. Some problemsassociated with moisturizers include unpleasant tactile properties(e.g., heavy, greasy, or sticky feel), instability, skin-irritation, orinsufficient moisturization capabilities.

Previous attempts to improve the visual appearance of skin with knownskin active-ingredients have been shown to have various drawbacks suchas skin irritation, prolonged recovery periods, or inefficient deliveryof the promised skin benefits. Current products may not address each ofthese shortcomings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The inventors have identified a solution to the problems associated withcurrent cosmetic products. The solution resides in a combination ofingredients including Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea(olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, jojoba esters, adenosine,sodium hyaluronate, and/or Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter), andoptionally Leptospermum scoparium (manuka honey). This combination canbe used to create topical skin compositions that reduce the appearanceof wrinkles. In some instances, these combinations of ingredientsprovide moisture to the skin. In some instances, these combinations ofingredients prevent skin darkening, lighten dark spots, reduce melaninpigmentation, reduce inflammation, increase collagen production in skinto increase skin firmness and elasticity, increase elastin production inskin to resume skin shape, and/or increase laminin and fibronectinproduction to facilitate cellular adhesion of epidermal cells to thedermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). The inventors have further identified asolution to the problems associated with current cosmetic products thatresides in a combination of ingredients including Persea gratissima(avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kerneloil, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil, Crambeabyssinica seed oil, and optionally Daucus carota sativa (carrot) rootextract. In some instances, these combinations of ingredients providemoisture to the skin. In some instances, these combinations ofingredients reduce the appearance of wrinkles. In some instances, thesecombinations of ingredients increase collagen production in the skin. Insome instances, these combinations of ingredients increase elastinproduction in skin. In some instances, these combinations of ingredientsincrease laminin production in skin. In some instances, thesecombinations of ingredients increase fibronectin production in skin. Insome instances, these combinations of ingredients inhibit B16melanogenesis. In some instances, these combinations of ingredientsinhibit tyrosinase expression. In some instances, these combinations ofingredients inhibit TNF-α expression.

In some aspects, there is disclosed a topical composition. In someaspects, the topical composition includes any one of, any combinationof, or all of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive)fruit oil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, jojoba esters, adenosine, sodiumhyaluronate, and Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter). In some instances,the topical composition includes an effective amount of Perseagratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, Arganiaspinosa kernel oil, jojoba esters, adenosine, sodium hyaluronate, and/orButyrospermum parkii (shea butter) to reduce the appearance of wrinkles,and optionally Leptospermum scoparium (manuka honey). In some instances,the topical composition includes an effective amount of Perseagratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, Arganiaspinosa kernel oil, jojoba esters, adenosine, sodium hyaluronate, and/orButyrospermum parkii (shea butter) to moisturize skin and/or reduce theappearance of wrinkles. In some instances, these combinations ofingredients increase collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and/or lamininproduction in skin. In some instances, these combinations of ingredientsinhibit B16 melanogenesis and/or tyrosinase expression.

The amounts of the ingredients within the composition can vary (e.g.,amounts can be as low as 0.000001% to as high as 98% w/w or any rangetherein). In some aspects, the topical composition includes 0.1 to 5%w/w of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of % w/w of Oleaeuropaea (olive) fruit oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Argania spinosa kernel oil,0.1 to 5% w/w of jojoba esters, 0.001 to 1% w/w of adenosine, 0.001 to1% w/w of sodium hyaluronate, and/or 0.01 to 5% w/w of Butyrospermumparkii (shea butter).

In some instances, the topical composition includes water. In someinstances, the composition includes 50 to 75% w/w of water. In someinstances, the topical composition includes dicaprylyl carbonate;glycerin; cyclopentasiloxane; hydrogenated polyisobutene; arachidylalcohol; ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer; and butyleneglycol. In some instances, the topical composition includes 5 to 20% w/wof dicaprylyl carbonate; 1 to 10% w/w of glycerin; 0.1 to 5% w/w ofcyclopentasiloxane; 0.1 to 5% w/w of hydrogenated polyisobutene; 0.01 to3% w/w of arachidyl alcohol; 0.01 to 3% w/w of ammoniumacryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer; and 0.01 to 3% w/w of butyleneglycol. In some instances, the topical composition is an emulsion,serum, gel, gel emulsion, or gel serum. In some instances, the topicalcomposition is an oil in water emulsion or water in oil emulsion.

In some aspects, the topical composition includes any one of, anycombination of, or all of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea(olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba(meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil,and optionally Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract. In someinstances, the topical composition includes an effective amount ofPersea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil,Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil,hybrid sunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil, and/or Daucus carotasativa (carrot) root extract to moisturize the skin. In some instances,these combinations of ingredients reduce the appearance of wrinkles,prevent skin darkening, lighten dark spots, reduce melanin pigmentation,reduce inflammation, increase skin firmness and elasticity, increaseelastin production in skin to resume skin shape, and/or facilitatecellular adhesion of epidermal cells to the DEJ. In some instances,these combinations of ingredients increase collagen, elastin,fibronectin, and/or laminin production in skin. In some instances, thesecombinations of ingredients inhibit B16 melanogenesis and/or TNF-αexpression. In some instances, the topical composition includes aneffective amount of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea(olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba(meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil,and/or Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract to reduce theappearance of wrinkles. In some instances, the topical compositionincludes an effective amount of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Oleaeuropaea (olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba(meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil,and/or Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract to increase collagen,elastin, laminin, and/or fibronectin production in skin. In someinstances, the topical composition includes an effective amount ofPersea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil,Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil,hybrid sunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil, and/or Daucus carotasativa (carrot) root extract to reduce inflammation of skin. In someinstances, the topical composition includes an effective amount ofPersea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil,Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil,hybrid sunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil, and/or Daucus carotasativa (carrot) root extract. In some instances, the topical compositionincludes an effective amount of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Oleaeuropaea (olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba(meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil,and/or Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract to prevent skindarkening and/or lighten dark spots on skin. In some instances, thetopical composition includes an effective amount of Daucus carota sativa(carrot) root extract to increase collagen production in skin and/orinhibit B16 melanogenesis and/or TNF-α expression. In some instances,the topical composition includes an effective amount of Argania spinosakernel oil to increase collagen production in skin for skin firming andelasticity and/or increase elastin production in skin to resume skinshape after stretching and/or increase laminin and/or fibronectinproduction in skin to facilitate cellular adhesion of epidermal cells tothe DEJ.

The amounts of the ingredients within the composition can vary (e.g.,amounts can be as low as 0.000001% to as high as 98% w/w or any rangetherein). In some aspects, the topical composition includes 0.1 to 5%w/w of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Olea europaea(olive) fruit oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Argania spinosa kernel oil, 0.1 to10% w/w of Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w ofhybrid sunflower oil, 0.01 to 5% w/w of Crambe abyssinica seed oil,and/or 0.01 to 5% w/w of Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract.

In some instances, the topical composition includes water. In someinstances, the composition includes 1 to 20% w/w of water. In someinstances, the composition contains less than 10% water. In someinstances, the composition is essentially anhydrous. In some instances,water is present in incidental amounts. In some instances, the topicalcomposition includes mineral oil. In some instances, the compositioncontains 20 to 45% w/w of mineral oil. In some instances, the mineraloil is light mineral oil. In some instances, the composition contains 20to 45% w/w of light mineral oil. In some instances, the compositioncontains PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate. In some instances, thecomposition contains 5 to 30% w/w of PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate. Insome instances, the composition contains PEG-9 isostearate. In someinstances, the composition contains 1 to 15% w/w of PEG-9 isostearate.In some instances, the composition contains butylene glycol, isononylisononanoate, cetearyl ethylhexanoate, and polyethylene. In someinstances, the composition contains 5 to 20% w/w of butylene glycol, 1to 10% w/w of isononyl isononanoate, 0.1 to 10% w/w of cetearylethylhexanoate, and 0.1 to 10% w/w of polyethylene.

The topical compositions disclosed herein may further comprise one ormore ingredients described herein. For example, the composition maycomprise one or more additional ingredients selected from one or moreconditioning agents, moisturizing agents, pH adjusters, structuringagents, inorganic salts, and preservatives. In some instances, thetopical composition further includes water. In some instances, thetopical compositions disclosed herein may exclude one or moreingredients described herein. For example, the composition may excludeone or more additional ingredients selected from one or moreconditioning agents, moisturizing agents, pH adjusters, structuringagents, inorganic salts, and preservatives. In some instances, thecomposition may exclude one or more of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil,Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, jojobaesters, adenosine, sodium hyaluronate, Butyrospermum parkii (sheabutter), Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil,Crambe abyssinica seed oil, Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract,and/or Leptospermum scoparium (manuka honey). In some instances, thetopical composition excludes water. In some instances, the topicalcomposition herein may be anhydrous or substantially anhydrous.

Methods of use for the compositions disclosed herein are also disclosed.In some aspects, a method is disclosed of improving a condition orappearance of skin, comprising applying any one of the compositionsdisclosed herein to skin in need thereof. In one aspect, any one of thecompositions disclosed herein are applied to skin and the composition isleft on the skin, or alternatively removed from the skin after a periodof time.

In another aspect, the compositions disclosed herein are used to treatand/or reduce the appearance of wrinkles. In another aspect, thecompositions disclosed here are used to treat and/or reduce theappearance of wrinkles by applying any one of the compositions disclosedherein to wrinkles, wherein the wrinkles are treated and/or theappearance of wrinkles are reduced. In another aspect, the compositionsdisclosed are used to prevent wrinkles comprising applying any one ofthe compositions disclosed herein to skin, wherein the wrinkles areprevented.

In another aspect, a method for increasing the production of collagen ofskin is disclosed herein. In another aspect, a method for moisturizingskin is disclosed herein. In another aspect, a method for reducing theappearance of wrinkles is disclosed herein. In another aspect, a methodfor preventing skin darkening and lightening dark spots is disclosedherein. In another aspect, a method for reducing melanin pigmentation isdisclosed herein. In another aspect, a method for reducing inflammationis disclosed herein. In another aspect, a method for increasing collagenproduction in skin to increase skin firmness and elasticity is disclosedherein. In another aspect, a method for increasing elastin production inskin to resume skin shape is disclosed herein. In another aspect, amethod for increasing laminin and/or fibronectin production tofacilitate cellular adhesion of epidermal cells to the DEJ is disclosedherein. In some aspects, the methods include applying any one of thetopical compositions described herein to skin. In some aspects, themethods include applying the composition to a wrinkle.

In particular aspects, the compositions of the present invention areformulated as a topical skin composition. The composition can have adermatologically acceptable vehicle or carrier for the compounds andextracts. The composition can further include a moisturizing agent or ahumectant, a surfactant, a silicone containing compounds, a UV agent, anoil, and/or other ingredients identified in this specification or thoseknown in the art. The composition can be a mask, lotion, cream, gel,serum, emulsion (e.g., oil-in-water, water-in-oil, silicone-in-water,water-in-silicone, water-in-oil-in-water, oil-in-water-in-oil,oil-in-water-in-silicone, etc.), solutions (e.g., aqueous orhydro-alcoholic solutions), anhydrous bases (e.g., lipstick or apowder), ointments, milk, paste, aerosol, solid forms, eye jellies, gelserums, gel emulsions, etc. The composition can be formulated fortopical skin application at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or more times aday during use. In other aspects of the present invention, compositionscan be storage stable or color stable, or both. It is also contemplatedthat the viscosity of the composition can be selected to achieve adesired result, e.g., depending on the type of composition desired, theviscosity of such composition can be from about 1 cps to well over 1million cps or any range or integer derivable therein (e.g., 2 cps, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300,400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000,8000, 9000, 10000, 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000, 60000, 70000, 80000,90000, 100000, 200000, 300000, 400000, 500000, 600000, 700000, 800000,900000, 1000000, 2000000, 3000000, 4000000, 5000000, 10000000, cps,etc., as measured on a Brookfield Viscometer using a TC spindle at 2.5rpm at 25° C.).

The compositions in non-limiting aspects can have a pH of about 6 toabout 9. In other aspects, the pH can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12, 13, or 14. The compositions can include a triglyceride.Non-limiting examples include small, medium, and large chaintriglycerides. In certain aspects, the triglyceride is a medium chaintriglyceride (e.g., caprylic capric triglyceride). The compositions canalso include preservatives. Non-limiting examples of preservativesinclude sodium benzoate, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, methylparaben,propylparaben, or a mixture of methylparaben and propylparaben. In someembodiments, the composition is paraben-free.

Compositions of the present invention can have UVA and UVB absorptionproperties. The compositions can have a sun protection factor (SPF) of2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45,50, 55, 60, or more, or any integer or derivative therein. Thecompositions can be sunscreen lotions, sprays, or creams.

The compositions of the present invention can also include any one of,any combination of, or all of the following additional ingredients:water, a chelating agent, a moisturizing agent, a preservative, athickening agent, a silicone containing compound, an essential oil, astructuring agent, a vitamin, a pharmaceutical ingredient, anantioxidant, or any combination of such ingredients or mixtures of suchingredients. In certain aspects, the composition can include at leasttwo, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or all of theseadditional ingredients identified in the previous sentence. Non-limitingexamples of these additional ingredients are identified throughout thisspecification and are incorporated into this section by reference. Theamounts of such ingredients can range from 0.0001% to 99.9% by weight orvolume of the composition, or any integer or range in between asdisclosed in other sections of this specification, which areincorporated into this paragraph by reference.

Kits that include the compositions of the present invention are alsocontemplated. In certain embodiments, the composition is comprised in acontainer. The container can be a bottle, dispenser, or package. Thecontainer can dispense a pre-determined amount of the composition. Incertain aspects, the compositions is dispensed in a spray, mist, dollop,or liquid. The container can include indicia on its surface. The indiciacan be a word, an abbreviation, a picture, or a symbol.

It is also contemplated that the compositions disclosed throughout thisspecification can be used as a leave-on or rinse-off composition. By wayof example, a leave-on composition can be one that is topically appliedto skin and remains on the skin for a period of time (e.g., at least 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, or 30 minutes, or at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24 hours,or overnight or throughout the day). Alternatively, a rinse-offcomposition can be a product that is intended to be applied to the skinand then removed or rinsed from the skin (e.g., with water) within aperiod of time such as less than 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 minute. An example ofa rinse off composition can be a skin cleanser, shampoo, conditioner, orsoap. An example of a leave-on composition can be a skin moisturizer,sunscreen, mask, overnight cream, or a day cream.

It is contemplated that any embodiment discussed in this specificationcan be implemented with respect to any method or composition of theinvention, and vice versa. Furthermore, compositions of the inventioncan be used to achieve methods of the invention.

In one embodiment, compositions of the present invention can bepharmaceutically or cosmetically elegant or can have pleasant tactileproperties. “Pharmaceutically elegant,” “cosmetically elegant,” and/or“pleasant tactile properties” describes a composition that hasparticular tactile properties which feel pleasant on the skin (e.g.,compositions that are not too watery or greasy, compositions that have asilky texture, compositions that are non-tacky or sticky, etc.).Pharmaceutically or cosmetically elegant can also relate to thecreaminess or lubricity properties of the composition or to the moistureretaining properties of the composition.

Also contemplated is a product comprising a composition of the presentinvention. In non-limiting aspects, the product can be a cosmeticproduct. The cosmetic product can be those described in other sectionsof this specification or those known to a person of skill in the art.Non-limiting examples of products include a moisturizer, a cream, alotion, a skin softener, a gel, a wash, a foundation, a night cream, alipstick, a cleanser, a cleansing balm, a toner, a sunscreen, a mask, ananti-aging product, a deodorant, an antiperspirant, a perfume, acologne, etc.

Also disclosed are the following Embodiments 1 to 30 of the presentinvention. Embodiment 1 is a method of treating skin to reduce theappearance of wrinkles, promote moisturization, lighten skin, reduceinflammation, increase skin firmness, and/or increase skin elasticity,the method comprising topically applying to the skin an effective amountof a topical composition comprising Persea gratissima (avocado) oil,Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, and Argania spinosa kernel oil whereinthe composition moisturizes the skin, reduces the appearance ofwrinkles, reduces melanin secretion, inhibits TNF-α secretion, increasescollagen production, increases elastin production, increases laminin,and/or increases fibronectin. Embodiment 2 is the method of Embodiment1, wherein the topical composition further comprises an effective amountof jojoba esters, adenosine, sodium hyaluronate, and Butyrospermumparkii (shea butter). Embodiment 3 is the method of Embodiment 2,wherein the topical composition comprises 0.1 to 5% w/w of Perseagratissima (avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Olea europaea (olive) fruitoil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Argania spinosa kernel oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w ofjojoba esters, 0.001 to 1% w/w of adenosine, 0.001 to 1% w/w of sodiumhyaluronate, and/or 0.01 to 5% w/w of Butyrospermum parkii (sheabutter). Embodiment 4 is the method of any of Embodiments 1 to 3,wherein the topical composition further comprises water. Embodiment 5 isthe method of Embodiment 4, wherein the topical composition comprises 50to 75% w/w of water. Embodiment 6 is the method of Embodiment 1, whereinthe topical composition further comprises an effective amount ofLimnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil, and Crambeabyssinica seed oil. Embodiment 7 is the method of Embodiment 6, whereinthe topical composition comprises 0.1 to 5% w/w of Persea gratissima(avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, 0.1 to5% w/w of Argania spinosa kernel oil, 0.1 to 10% w/w of Limnanthes alba(meadowfoam) seed oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of hybrid sunflower oil, and 0.01to 5% w/w of Crambe abyssinica seed oil. Embodiment 8 is the method ofany of Embodiments 6 to 7, wherein the topical composition furthercomprises an effective amount of Daucus carota sativa (carrot) rootextract to increase collagen production in skin, reduce inflammation inskin, and/or lighten skin. Embodiment 9 is the method of Embodiment 8,wherein the topical composition comprises 0.01 to 5% w/w of Daucuscarota sativa (carrot) root extract. Embodiment 10 is the method of anyof Embodiments 6 to 9, wherein the topical composition further compriseslight mineral oil. Embodiment 11 is the method of Embodiment 10, whereinthe topical composition comprises 20 to 45% w/w of light mineral oil.Embodiment 12 is the method of any of Embodiments 1 to 11, wherein thetopical composition is an emulsion, serum, gel, gel emulsion, or gelserum. Embodiment 13 is the method of any of Embodiments 1 to 12,wherein the topical composition is an oil in water emulsion or a waterin oil emulsion. Embodiment 14 is the method of any of Embodiments 1 to13, wherein the effective amount of the topical composition reduces theappearance of wrinkles, promotes moisturization, lightens skin, reducesinflammation, increases skin firmness, and increases skin elasticity.Embodiment 15 is a topical composition comprising Persea gratissima(avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, and Argania spinosakernel oil to reduce the appearance of wrinkles on skin, moisturizeskin, decrease inflammation, increase skin firmness, increaseelasticity, and/or lighten skin. Embodiment 16 is the topicalcomposition of Embodiment 15, further comprising jojoba esters,adenosine, sodium hyaluronate, and Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter).Embodiment 17 is the topical composition of Embodiment 16, wherein thetopical composition comprises an effective amount of Persea gratissima(avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kerneloil, jojoba esters, adenosine, sodium hyaluronate, and/or Butyrospermumparkii (shea butter) to reduce the appearance of wrinkles on skin and tomoisturize skin. Embodiment 18 is the topical composition of any ofEmbodiments 15 to 17, comprising 0.1 to 5% w/w of Persea gratissima(avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of % w/w of Olea europaea (olive) fruitoil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Argania spinosa kernel oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w ofjojoba esters, 0.001 to 1% w/w of adenosine, 0.001 to 1% w/w of sodiumhyaluronate, and/or 0.01 to 5% w/w of Butyrospermum parkii (sheabutter). Embodiment 19 is the topical composition of any of Embodiments15 to 18, further comprising water. Embodiment 20 is the topicalcomposition of Embodiment 19, comprising 50 to 75% w/w of water.Embodiment 21 is the topical composition of Embodiment 15, furthercomprising Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil,and Crambe abyssinica seed oil. Embodiment 22 is the topical compositionof Embodiment 21, wherein the topical composition comprises an effectiveamount of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruitoil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil,hybrid sunflower oil, and Crambe abyssinica seed oil to moisturize skinand/or reduce the appearance of wrinkles on skin. Embodiment 23 is thetopical composition of any of Embodiments 21 to 22, comprising 0.1 to 5%w/w of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Olea europaea(olive) fruit oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Argania spinosa kernel oil, 0.1 to10% w/w of Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w ofhybrid sunflower oil, and 0.01 to 5% w/w of Crambe abyssinica seed oil.Embodiment 24 is the topical composition of any of Embodiments 21 to 23,further comprising Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract.Embodiment 25 is the topical composition of Embodiment 24, wherein thetopical composition comprises an effective amount of Daucus carotasativa (carrot) root extract to increase collagen production in skin,reduce inflammation in skin, and/or lighten skin. Embodiment 26 is thetopical composition of any of Embodiments 24 to 25, comprising 0.01 to5% w/w of Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract. Embodiment 27 isthe topical composition of any of Embodiments 21 to 26, furthercomprising light mineral oil. Embodiment 28 is the topical compositionof Embodiment 27, comprising 20 to 45% w/w of light mineral oil.Embodiment 29 is the topical composition of any of Embodiments 15 to 28,wherein the topical composition is an emulsion, serum, gel, gelemulsion, or gel serum. Embodiment 30 is the topical composition of anyof Embodiments 15 to 29, wherein the topical composition is an oil inwater emulsion or water in oil emulsion.

“Topical application” means to apply or spread a composition onto thesurface of lips or keratinous tissue. “Topical skin composition”includes compositions suitable for topical application on skin and/orkeratinous tissue. Such compositions are typicallydermatologically-acceptable in that they do not have undue toxicity,incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like, whenapplied to skin and/or keratinous tissue. Topical skin care compositionsof the present invention can have a selected viscosity to avoidsignificant dripping or pooling after application to skin and/orkeratinous tissue.

“Keratinous tissue” includes keratin-containing layers disposed as theoutermost protective covering of mammals and includes, but is notlimited to, lips, skin, hair, and nails.

The term “about” or “approximately” are defined as being close to asunderstood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In one non-limitingembodiment the terms are defined to be within 10%, preferably within 5%,more preferably within 1%, and most preferably within 0.5%.

The term “substantially” and its variations refer to ranges within 10%,within 5%, within 1%, or within 0.5%.

The terms “inhibiting” or “reducing” or any variation of these termsincludes any measurable decrease or complete inhibition to achieve adesired result. The terms “promote” or “increase” or any variation ofthese terms includes any measurable increase or production of a proteinor molecule (e.g., matrix proteins such as fibronectin, laminin,collagen, or elastin or molecules such as hyaluronic acid) to achieve adesired result.

The term “effective,” as that term is used in the specification and/orclaims, means adequate to accomplish a desired, expected, or intendedresult.

The use of the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the terms“comprising,” “including,” “having,” or “containing,” or any variationsof these terms, in the claims and/or the specification may mean “one,”but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,” “at leastone,” and “one or more than one.”

As used in this specification and claim(s), the words “comprising” (andany form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having”(and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and anyform of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing”(and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”) areinclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecitedelements or method steps.

The compositions and methods for their use can “comprise,” “consistessentially of,” or “consist of” any of the ingredients or stepsdisclosed throughout the specification. With respect to the phrase“consisting essentially of,” a basic and novel property of thecompositions and methods of the present invention is the ability toreduce the appearance of wrinkles, increase collagen production in theskin, moisturize the skin, prevent skin darkening, lighten dark spots onskin, reduce melanin pigmentation, reduce inflammation, increase skinfirmness and elasticity, help maintain skin shape, and/or facilitatecellular adhesion of epidermal cells to the DEJ.

The phrase “and/or” means and or or. To illustrate, A, B, and/or Cincludes: A alone, B alone, C alone, a combination of A and B, acombination of A and C, a combination of B and C, or a combination of A,B, and C. In other words, “and/or” operates as an inclusive or.

Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent from the following detailed description. It should beunderstood, however, that the detailed description and the examples,while indicating specific embodiments of the invention, are given by wayof illustration only. Additionally, it is contemplated that changes andmodifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will becomeapparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.

DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

As noted above, several of the unique aspects of the present inventionare to combine in a topical cosmetic composition Persea gratissima(avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kerneloil, jojoba esters, adenosine, sodium hyaluronate, and/or Butyrospermumparkii (shea butter) and optionally Leptospermum scoparium (manukahoney). This allows for the benefits of reducing the appearance ofwrinkles, promoting moisturization, preventing skin darkening, aiding tolighten dark spots, reducing melanin pigmentation, increasing collagenproduction in skin to increase skin firmness and elasticity, increasingelastin production in skin to resume skin shape, and/or increasinglaminin and fibronectin production to facilitate cellular adhesion ofepidermal cells to the DEJ. Further, several of the unique aspects ofthe present invention are to combine in a topical cosmetic compositionPersea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil,Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil,hybrid sunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil, and optionally Daucuscarota sativa (carrot) root extract. This allows for the benefits ofreducing the appearance of wrinkles, promoting moisturization,preventing skin darkening, aiding to lighten dark spots, reducinginflammation, increasing collagen production in skin to increase skinfirmness and elasticity, increasing elastin production in skin to resumeskin shape, and/or increasing laminin and fibronectin production tofacilitate cellular adhesion of epidermal cells to the DEJ.

The following subsections describe non-limiting aspects of the presentinvention in further detail.

A particular composition of the present invention is designed to work asa topical composition. The composition relies on a unique combination ofany one of, any combination of, or all of Persea gratissima (avocado)oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, jojobaesters, adenosine, sodium hyaluronate, and/or Butyrospermum parkii (sheabutter) or a unique combination of any one of, any combination of, orall of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil,Argania spinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil,hybrid sunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil, and optionally Daucuscarota sativa (carrot) root extract. Non-limiting examples of suchcompositions are provided in Example 1, Table 1 and Table 2.

Some compositions disclosed herein can be applied to the skin and remainon the skin for a period of time (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20,30, or 60 minutes or more). After which, the composition, if needed, canbe rinsed from the skin or peeled from the skin. Some compositionsdisclosed herein can be applied to the skin and immediately rinsed fromthe skin. Some compositions disclosed herein can be applied to the skinand absorbed at least in part by the skin.

These and other non-limiting aspects of the present invention aredescribed in the following sections.

A. Active Ingredients

The present invention is premised on a determination that a combinationof active ingredients—Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea(olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kernel oil, jojoba esters, adenosine,sodium hyaluronate, and/or Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) or Perseagratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, Arganiaspinosa kernel oil, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, hybridsunflower oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil, and optionally Daucus carotasativa (carrot) root extract and/or Leptospermum scoparium (manukahoney)—can be used to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, promotemoisturization, prevent skin darkening, lighten dark spots, reducemelanin pigmentation, reduce inflammation, increase collagen productionin skin to increase skin firmness and elasticity, increase elastinproduction in skin to resume skin shape, and/or increase laminin andfibronectin production to facilitate cellular adhesion of epidermalcells to the DEJ.

This combination of ingredients can be used in different products totreat various skin conditions. By way of non-limiting examples, thecombination of ingredients can be formulated in a mask, emulsion (e.g.oil in water, water in oil), a gel, a serum, a gel emulsion, a gelserum, a lotion, or a body butter.

Persea gratissima oil is an oil from the Persea gratissima plantt, alsoknown as avocado. In some instances, Persea gratissima oil iscommercially available. In some instances, Persea gratissima oil can besupplied by Arista.

Olea europaea fruit oil is an oil from the fruit of an Olea europaeatree, also known as an olive tree. In some instances, Olea europaeafruit oil is commercially available. In some instances, Olea europaeafruit oil can be supplied by Lipo Chemicals.

Argania spinosa kernel oil is derived from the kernel of the fruit ofthe Argan tree, which is native to southern Morocco, the oil provides ananti-ageing effect and nourishes dry skin. In some instances, Arganiaspinosa kernel oil is commercially available. In some instances, Arganiaspinosa kernel oil can be supplied by Sophim under the tradename Seppic.In some instances, Argania spinose kernel oil can be supplied by BASFunder the tradename Lipofructyl Argan LS 9779.

Jojoba esters are esters made from esterification of jojoba oil. In someinstances, jojoba esters are commercially available.

Adenosine is a purine nucleoside comprising a molecule of adenineattached to a ribose sugar molecule moiety. Adenosine penetrates deeplyinto the skin to help prevent wrinkles and reduce UVB sun damage. Insome instances, adenosine is commercially available.

Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a compoundthat occurs naturally in various tissues including connective tissue. Insome instances, sodium hyaluronate is commercially available.

Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) is a slightly yellowish or ivorycolored natural fat extracted from the seed of the African shea tree,Butyrospermum parkii. It is can be used as a moisturizer and salve. Insome instances, Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) is commerciallyavailable. In some instances, Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) can besupplied by HallStar Company under the tradename Shea Butter—UltraRefined.

Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil is oil from the seed of Limnanthesalba, also known as meadowfoam or white meadowfoam. Limnanthes alba is aflowering plant native to California and Oregon. In some instances,Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil is commercially available. In someinstances, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil can be supplied byFanning Corp.

Hybrid sunflower oil is and oil from hybrid sunflowers, also known asHelianthus. In some instances, hybrid sunflower oil is commerciallyavailable. In some instances, hybrid sunflower oil can be supplied byFloratech, USA.

Crambe abyssinica seed oil is an oil from the seed of Crambe abyssinica,a flowering plant that is native to the Mediterranean area. In someinstances, Crambe abyssinica seed oil is commercially available. In someinstances, Crambe abyssinica seed oil can be supplied by Desert WhaleJojoba Company/Vantage Specialty Chemicals.

Daucus carota sativa root extract is an extract from the root of Daucuscarota sativa, a domesticated root vegetable also known as carrot. Insome instances, Daucus carota sativa root extract is commerciallyavailable. In some instances, Daucus carota sativa root extract can besupplied by Southern Cross. In some instances, Daucus carota sativa rootextract can be supplied by Abacross. In some instances, Daucus carotasativa root extract is a glycerol extract.

Leptospermum scoparium (manuka honey) is produced from the manuka or teatree (Leptospermum scoparium). In some instances, Leptospermum scoparium(manuka honey) is commercially available. In some instances,Leptospermum scoparium (manuka honey) can be supplied by Abacross.

The extracts described herein can be extracts made through extractionmethods known in the art and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examplesof extraction methods include the use of liquid-liquid extraction, solidphase extraction, aqueous extraction, ethyl acetate, alcohol, acetone,oil, supercritical carbon dioxide, heat, pressure, pressure dropextraction, ultrasonic extraction, etc. Extracts can be a liquid, solid,dried liquid, re-suspended solid, etc.

B. Amounts of Ingredients

It is contemplated that the compositions of the present invention caninclude any amount of the ingredients discussed in this specification.The compositions can also include any number of combinations ofadditional ingredients described throughout this specification (e.g.,pigments, or additional cosmetic or pharmaceutical ingredients). Theconcentrations of any ingredient within the compositions can vary. Innon-limiting embodiments, for example, the compositions can comprise,consist essentially of, or consist of, in their final form, for example,at least about 0.0001%, 0.0002%, 0.0003%, 0.0004%, 0.0005%, 0.0006%,0.0007%, 0.0008%, 0.0009%, 0.0010%, 0.0011%, 0.0012%, 0.0013%, 0.0014%,0.0015%, 0.0016%, 0.0017%, 0.0018%, 0.0019%, 0.0020%, 0.0021%, 0.0022%,0.0023%, 0.0024%, 0.0025%, 0.0026%, 0.0027%, 0.0028%, 0.0029%, 0.0030%,0.0031%, 0.0032%, 0.0033%, 0.0034%, 0.0035%, 0.0036%, 0.0037%, 0.0038%,0.0039%, 0.0040%, 0.0041%, 0.0042%, 0.0043%, 0.0044%, 0.0045%, 0.0046%,0.0047%, 0.0048%, 0.0049%, 0.0050%, 0.0051%, 0.0052%, 0.0053%, 0.0054%,0.0055%, 0.0056%, 0.0057%, 0.0058%, 0.0059%, 0.0060%, 0.0061%, 0.0062%,0.0063%, 0.0064%, 0.0065%, 0.0066%, 0.0067%, 0.0068%, 0.0069%, 0.0070%,0.0071%, 0.0072%, 0.0073%, 0.0074%, 0.0075%, 0.0076%, 0.0077%, 0.0078%,0.0079%, 0.0080%, 0.0081%, 0.0082%, 0.0083%, 0.0084%, 0.0085%, 0.0086%,0.0087%, 0.0088%, 0.0089%, 0.0090%, 0.0091%, 0.0092%, 0.0093%, 0.0094%,0.0095%, 0.0096%, 0.0097%, 0.0098%, 0.0099%, 0.0100%, 0.0200%, 0.0250%,0.0275%, 0.0300%, 0.0325%, 0.0350%, 0.0375%, 0.0400%, 0.0425%, 0.0450%,0.0475%, 0.0500%, 0.0525%, 0.0550%, 0.0575%, 0.0600%, 0.0625%, 0.0650%,0.0675%, 0.0700%, 0.0725%, 0.0750%, 0.0775%, 0.0800%, 0.0825%, 0.0850%,0.0875%, 0.0900%, 0.0925%, 0.0950%, 0.0975%, 0.1000%, 0.1250%, 0.1500%,0.1750%, 0.2000%, 0.2250%, 0.2500%, 0.2750%, 0.3000%, 0.3250%, 0.3500%,0.3750%, 0.4000%, 0.4250%, 0.4500%, 0.4750%, 0.5000%, 0.5250%, 0.0550%,0.5750%, 0.6000%, 0.6250%, 0.6500%, 0.6750%, 0.7000%, 0.7250%, 0.7500%,0.7750%, 0.8000%, 0.8250%, 0.8500%, 0.8750%, 0.9000%, 0.9250%, 0.9500%,0.9750%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%,2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.1%,3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4.0%, 4.1%, 4.2%, 4.3%,4.4%, 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.7%, 4.8%, 4.9%, 5.0%, 5.1%, 5.2%, 5.3%, 5.4%, 5.5%,5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 6.0%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%,6.8%, 6.9%, 7.0%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7%, 7.8%, 7.9%,8.0%, 8.1%, 8.2%, 8.3%, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.6%, 8.7%, 8.8%, 8.9%, 9.0%, 9.1%,9.2%, 9.3%, 9.4%, 9.5%, 9.6%, 9.7%, 9.8%, 9.9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%,15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%,29%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or99% or any range derivable therein, of at least one of the ingredientsthat are mentioned throughout the specification and claims. Innon-limiting aspects, the percentage can be calculated by weight orvolume of the total composition. A person of ordinary skill in the artwould understand that the concentrations can vary depending on theaddition, substitution, and/or subtraction of ingredients in a givencomposition.

C. Vehicles

The compositions of the present invention can include or be incorporatedinto all types of vehicles and carriers. The vehicle or carrier can be apharmaceutically or dermatologically acceptable vehicle or carrier.Non-limiting examples of vehicles or carriers include water, glycerin,alcohol, oil, a silicon containing compound, a silicone compound, andwax. Variations and other appropriate vehicles will be apparent to theskilled artisan and are appropriate for use in the present invention. Incertain aspects, the concentrations and combinations of the compounds,ingredients, and agents can be selected in such a way that thecombinations are chemically compatible and do not form complexes whichprecipitate from the finished product.

D. Structure

The compositions of the present invention can be structured orformulated into a variety of different forms. Non-limiting examplesinclude emulsions (e.g., water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water,oil-in-water, silicone-in-water, water-in-silicone, oil-in-water-in-oil,oil-in-water-in-silicone emulsions), creams, lotions, solutions (bothaqueous and hydro-alcoholic), anhydrous bases (such as lipsticks andpowders), gels, masks, peels, and ointments. Variations and otherstructures will be apparent to the skilled artisan and are appropriatefor use in the present invention.

E. Additional Ingredients

In addition to the combination of ingredients disclosed by theinventors, the compositions can also include additional ingredients suchas cosmetic ingredients and pharmaceutical active ingredients.Non-limiting examples of these additional ingredients are described inthe following subsections.

1. Cosmetic Ingredients

The CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook (2004and 2008) describes a wide variety of non-limiting cosmetic ingredientsthat can be used in the context of the present invention. Examples ofthese ingredient classes include: fragrance agents (artificial andnatural; e.g., gluconic acid, phenoxyethanol, and triethanolamine), dyesand color ingredients (e.g., Blue 1, Blue 1 Lake, Red 40, titaniumdioxide, D&C blue no. 4, D&C green no. 5, D&C orange no. 4, D&C red no.17, D&C red no. 33, D&C violet no. 2, D&C yellow no. 10, and D&C yellowno. 11), flavoring agents/aroma agents (e.g., Stevia rebaudiana(sweetleaf) extract, and menthol), adsorbents, lubricants, solvents,moisturizers (including, e.g., emollients, humectants, film formers,occlusive agents, and agents that affect the natural moisturizationmechanisms of the skin), water-repellants, UV absorbers (physical andchemical absorbers such as para-aminobenzoic acid (“PABA”) andcorresponding PABA derivatives, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, etc.),essential oils, vitamins (e.g., A, B, C, D, E, and K), trace metals(e.g., zinc, calcium and selenium), anti-irritants (e.g., steroids andnon-steroidal anti-inflammatories), botanical extracts (e.g., Aloe vera,chamomile, cucumber extract, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and rosemary),anti-microbial agents, antioxidants (e.g., BHT and tocopherol),chelating agents (e.g., disodium EDTA and tetrasodium EDTA),preservatives (e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben), pH adjusters(e.g., sodium hydroxide and citric acid), absorbents (e.g., aluminumstarch octenylsuccinate, kaolin, corn starch, oat starch, cyclodextrin,talc, and zeolite), skin bleaching and lightening agents (e.g.,hydroquinone and niacinamide lactate), humectants (e.g., sorbitol, urea,methyl gluceth-20, saccharide isomerate, and mannitol), exfoliants,waterproofing agents (e.g., magnesium/aluminum hydroxide stearate), skinconditioning agents (e.g., aloe extracts, allantoin, bisabolol,ceramides, dimethicone, hyaluronic acid, biosaccharide gum-1,ethylhexylglycerin, pentylene glycol, hydrogenated polydecene,octyldodecyl oleate, and dipotassium glycyrrhizate). Non-limitingexamples of some of these ingredients are provided in the followingsubsections.

a. UV Absorption and/or Reflecting Agents

UV absorption and/or reflecting agents that can be used in combinationwith the compositions of the present invention include chemical andphysical sunblocks. Non-limiting examples of chemical sunblocks that canbe used include para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), PABA esters (glycerylPABA, amyldimethyl PABA and octyldimethyl PABA), butyl PABA, ethyl PABA,ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, benzophenones (oxybenzone, sulisobenzone,benzophenone, and benzophenone-1 through 12), cinnamates (octylmethoxycinnamate (octinoxate), isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, octylmethoxycinnamate, cinoxate, diisopropyl methyl cinnamate, DEA-methoxycinnamate,ethyl diisopropylcinnamate, glyceryl octanoate dimethoxycinnamate andethyl methoxycinnamate), cinnamate esters, salicylates (homomethylsalicylate, benzyl salicylate, glycol salicylate, isopropylbenzylsalicylate, etc.), anthranilates, ethyl urocanate, homosalate,octisalate, dibenzoylmethane derivatives (e.g., avobenzone),octocrylene, octyl triazone, digalloyl trioleate, glycerylaminobenzoate, lawsone with dihydroxyacetone, ethylhexyl triazone,dioctyl butamido triazone, benzylidene malonate polysiloxane,terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, disodium phenyldibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexylbenzoate, bis diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl benzoate, bisbenzoxazoylphenyl ethylhexylimino triazine, drometrizole trisiloxane,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, andbis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazine, 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor, and isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate. Non-limiting examples ofphysical sunblocks include, kaolin, talc, petrolatum and metal oxides(e.g., titanium dioxide and zinc oxide).

b. Moisturizing Agents

Non-limiting examples of moisturizing agents that can be used with thecompositions of the present invention include amino acids, chondroitinsulfate, diglycerin, erythritol, fructose, glucose, glycerin, glycerolpolymers, glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, honey, hyaluronic acid,hydrogenated honey, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, inositol, lactitol,maltitol, maltose, mannitol, natural moisturizing factor, PEG-15butanediol, polyglyceryl sorbitol, salts of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid,potassium PCA, propylene glycol, saccharide isomerate, sodiumglucuronate, sodium PCA, sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, urea, andxylitol.

Other examples include acetylated lanolin, acetylated lanolin alcohol,threonine, lysine, alanine, algae extract, Aloe barbadensis, Aloebarbadensis extract, Aloe barbadensis gel, Althea officinalis extract,apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel oil, arginine, arginine aspartate,Arnica montana extract, aspartic acid, avocado (Persea gratissima) oil,barrier sphingolipids, butyl alcohol, beeswax, behenyl alcohol,beta-sitosterol, birch (Betula alba) bark extract, borage (Boragoofficinalis) extract, butcherbroom (Ruscus aculeatus) extract, butyleneglycol, Calendula officinalis extract, Calendula officinalis oil,candelilla (Euphorbia cerifera) wax, canola oil, caprylic/caprictriglyceride, cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) oil, carnauba (Coperniciacerifera) wax, carrot (Daucus carota sativa) oil, castor (Ricinuscommunis) oil, ceramides, ceresin, ceteareth-5, ceteareth-12,ceteareth-20, cetearyl ethylhexanoate, ceteth-20, ceteth-24, cetylacetate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl palmitate, chamomile (Anthemis nobilis)oil, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, cholesteryl hydroxystearate,citric acid, clary (Salvia sclarea) oil, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) butter,coco-caprylate/caprate, coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, collagen, collagenamino acids, corn (Zea mays) oil, fatty acids, decyl oleate, dimethiconecopolyol, dimethiconol, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl succinate,dipentaerythrityl hexacaprylate/hexacaprate, DNA, erythritol,ethoxydiglycol, ethyl linoleate, Eucalyptus globulus oil, eveningprimrose (Oenothera biennis) oil, fatty acids, Geranium maculatum oil,glucosamine, glucose glutamate, glutamic acid, glycereth-26, glycerin,glycerol, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl hydroxystearate, glyceryllaurate, glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl myristate, glyceryl oleate,glyceryl stearate, glyceryl stearate SE, glycine, glycol stearate,glycol stearate SE, glycosaminoglycans, grape (Vitis vinifera) seed oil,hazel (Corylus americana) nut oil, hazel (Corylus avellana) nut oil,hexylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, hybrid safflower (Carthamustinctorius) oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated coco-glycerides,hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated lanolin, hydrogenated lecithin,hydrogenated palm glyceride, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenatedsoybean oil, hydrogenated tallow glyceride, hydrogenated vegetable oil,hydrolyzed collagen, hydrolyzed elastin, hydrolyzed glycosaminoglycans,hydrolyzed keratin, hydrolyzed soy protein, hydroxylated lanolin,proline, hydroxyproline, isocetyl stearate, isocetyl stearoyl stearate,isodecyl oleate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl lanolate, isopropylmyristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, isostearamide DEA,isostearic acid, isostearyl lactate, isostearyl neopentanoate, jasmine(Jasminum officinale) oil, jojoba (Buxus chinensis) oil, kelp, kukui(Aleurites moluccana) nut oil, lactamide MEA, laneth-16, laneth-10acetate, lanolin, lanolin acid, lanolin alcohol, lanolin oil, lanolinwax, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) oil, lecithin, lemon (Citrusmedica limonum) oil, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, Macadamia ternifolianut oil, maltitol, matricaria (Chamomilla recutita) oil, methyl glucosesesquistearate, methylsilanol PCA, mineral oil, mink oil, mortierellaoil, myristyl lactate, myristyl myristate, myristyl propionate,neopentyl glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, octyldodecanol, octyldodecylmyristate, octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate, octyl hydroxystearate, octylpalmitate, octyl salicylate, octyl stearate, oleic acid, olive (Oleaeuropaea) oil, orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) oil, palm (Elaeisguineensis) oil, palmitic acid, pantethine, panthenol, panthenyl ethylether, paraffin, PCA, peach (Prunus persica) kernel oil, peanut (Arachishypogaea) oil, PEG-8 C12-18 ester, PEG-15 cocamine, PEG-150 distearate,PEG-60 glyceryl isostearate, PEG-5 glyceryl stearate, PEG-30 glycerylstearate, PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil,PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate,PEG-40 sorbitan peroleate, PEG-5 soy sterol, PEG-10 soy sterol, PEG-2stearate, PEG-8 stearate, PEG-20 stearate, PEG-32 stearate, PEG-40stearate, PEG-50 stearate, PEG-100 stearate, PEG-150 stearate,pentadecalactone, peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil, petrolatum,phospholipids, plankton extract, polyamino sugar condensate,polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate, polyquaternium-24, polysorbate 20,polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 85,potassium myristate, potassium palmitate, propylene glycol, propyleneglycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, propylene glycol dioctanoate, propyleneglycol dipelargonate, propylene glycol laurate, propylene glycolstearate, propylene glycol stearate SE, PVP, pyridoxine dipalmitate,retinol, retinyl palmitate, rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil, RNA, rosemary(Rosmarinus officinalis) oil, rose oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)oil, sage (Salvia officinalis) oil, sandalwood (Santalum album) oil,serine, serum protein, sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, shea butter(Butyrospermum parkii), silk powder, sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodiumhyaluronate, sodium lactate, sodium palmitate, sodium PCA, sodiumpolyglutamate, soluble collagen, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan oleate,sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitol,soybean (Glycine soja) oil, sphingolipids, squalane, squalene,stearamide MEA-stearate, stearic acid, stearoxy dimethicone,stearoxytrimethylsilane, stearyl alcohol, stearyl glycyrrhetinate,stearyl heptanoate, stearyl stearate, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedoil, sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus dulcis) oil, synthetic beeswax,tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl linoleate, tribehenin,tridecyl neopentanoate, tridecyl stearate, triethanolamine, tristearin,urea, vegetable oil, water, waxes, wheat (Triticum vulgare) germ oil,and ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) oil.

c. Antioxidants

Non-limiting examples of antioxidants that can be used with thecompositions of the present invention include acetyl cysteine, ascorbicacid polypeptide, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl methylsilanolpectinate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, BHA, BHT, t-butylhydroquinone, cysteine, cysteine HCL, diamylhydroquinone,di-t-butylhydroquinone, dicetyl thiodipropionate, dioleyl tocopherylmethylsilanol, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, distearyl thiodipropionate,ditridecyl thiodipropionate, dodecyl gallate, erythorbic acid, esters ofascorbic acid, ethyl ferulate, ferulic acid, gallic acid esters,hydroquinone, isooctyl thioglycolate, kojic acid, magnesium ascorbate,magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, methylsilanol ascorbate, natural botanicalanti-oxidants such as green tea or grape seed extracts,nordihydroguaiaretic acid, octyl gallate, phenylthioglycolic acid,potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate, potassium sulfite, propylgallate, quinones, rosmarinic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite,sodium erythorbate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, superoxidedismutase, sodium thioglycolate, sorbityl furfural, thiodiglycol,thiodiglycolamide, thiodiglycolic acid, thioglycolic acid, thiolacticacid, thiosalicylic acid, tocophereth-5, tocophereth-10, tocophereth-12,tocophereth-18, tocophereth-50, tocopherol, tocophersolan, tocopherylacetate, tocopheryl linoleate, tocopheryl nicotinate, tocopherylsuccinate, and tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite.

d. Structuring Agents

In other non-limiting aspects, the compositions of the present inventioncan include a structuring agent. Structuring agents, in certain aspects,assist in providing rheological characteristics to the composition tocontribute to the composition's stability. In other aspects, structuringagents can also function as an emulsifier or surfactant. Non-limitingexamples of structuring agents include stearic acid, palmitic acid,stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, stearic acid, palmiticacid, the polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol having an averageof about 1 to about 21 ethylene oxide units, the polyethylene glycolether of cetyl alcohol having an average of about 1 to about 5 ethyleneoxide units, and mixtures thereof.

e. Emulsifiers

In certain aspects of the present invention, the compositions do notinclude an emulsifier. In other aspects, however, the compositions caninclude one or more emulsifiers. Emulsifiers can reduce the interfacialtension between phases and improve the formulation and stability of anemulsion. The emulsifiers can be nonionic, cationic, anionic, andzwitterionic emulsifiers (See McCutcheon's (1986); U.S. Pat. Nos.5,011,681; 4,421,769; 3,755,560). Non-limiting examples include estersof glycerin, esters of propylene glycol, fatty acid esters ofpolyethylene glycol, fatty acid esters of polypropylene glycol, estersof sorbitol, esters of sorbitan anhydrides, carboxylic acid copolymers,esters and ethers of glucose, ethoxylated ethers, ethoxylated alcohols,alkyl phosphates, polyoxyethylene fatty ether phosphates, fatty acidamides, acyl lactylates, soaps, TEA stearate, DEA oleth-3 phosphate,polyethylene glycol 20 sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20),polyethylene glycol 5 soya sterol, steareth-2, steareth-20, steareth-21,ceteareth-20, cetearyl glucoside, cetearyl alcohol, C12-13 pareth-3,PPG-2 methyl glucose ether distearate, PPG-5-ceteth-20,bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 dimethicone, ceteth-10, polysorbate 80, cetylphosphate, potassium cetyl phosphate, diethanolamine cetyl phosphate,polysorbate 60, glyceryl stearate, PEG-100 stearate, arachidyl alcohol,arachidyl glucoside, hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof.

f. Silicone Containing Compounds

In non-limiting aspects, silicone containing compounds include anymember of a family of polymeric products whose molecular backbone ismade up of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms with side groupsattached to the silicon atoms. By varying the —Si—O— chain lengths, sidegroups, and crosslinking, silicones can be synthesized into a widevariety of materials. They can vary in consistency from liquid to gel tosolids.

The silicone containing compounds that can be used in the context of thepresent invention include those described in this specification or thoseknown to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Non-limiting examplesinclude silicone oils (e.g., volatile and non-volatile oils), gels, andsolids. In certain aspects, the silicon containing compounds includes asilicone oils such as a polyorganosiloxane. Non-limiting examples ofpolyorganosiloxanes include dimethicone, cyclomethicone,cyclohexasiloxane, polysilicone-11, phenyl trimethicone,trimethylsilylamodimethicone, stearoxytrimethylsilane, or mixtures ofthese and other organosiloxane materials in any given ratio in order toachieve the desired consistency and application characteristicsdepending upon the intended application (e.g., to a particular area suchas the skin, hair, or eyes). A “volatile silicone oil” includes asilicone oil have a low heat of vaporization, i.e. normally less thanabout 50 cal per gram of silicone oil. Non-limiting examples of volatilesilicone oils include: cyclomethicones such as Dow Corning 344 Fluid,Dow Corning 345 Fluid, Dow Corning 244 Fluid, and Dow Corning 245 Fluid,Volatile Silicon 7207 (Union Carbide Corp., Danbury, Conn.); lowviscosity dimethicones, i.e. dimethicones having a viscosity of about 50cst or less (e.g., dimethicones such as Dow Corning 200-0.5 cst Fluid).The Dow Corning Fluids are available from Dow Corning Corporation,Midland, Mich. Cyclomethicone and dimethicone are described in the ThirdEdition of the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (incorporated byreference) as cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds and a mixture offully methylated linear siloxane polymers end-blocked withtrimethylsiloxy units, respectively. Other non-limiting volatilesilicone oils that can be used in the context of the present inventioninclude those available from General Electric Co., Silicone ProductsDiv., Waterford, N.Y. and SWS Silicones Div. of Stauffer Chemical Co.,Adrian, Mich.

g. Exfoliating Agent

Exfoliating agents include ingredients that remove dead skin cells onthe skin's outer surface. These agents may act through mechanical,chemical, and/or other means. Non-limiting examples of mechanicalexfoliating agents include abrasives such as pumice, silica, cloth,paper, shells, beads, solid crystals, solid polymers, etc. Non-limitingexamples of chemical exfoliating agents include acids and enzymeexfoliants. Acids that can be used as exfoliating agents include, butare not limited to, glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, alphahydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids, etc. Other exfoliating agents knownto those of skill in the art are also contemplated as being usefulwithin the context of the present invention.

h. Essential Oils

Essential oils include oils derived from herbs, flowers, trees, andother plants. Such oils are typically present as tiny droplets betweenthe plant's cells, and can be extracted by several method known to thoseof skill in the art (e.g., steam distilled, enfleurage (i.e., extractionby using fat), maceration, solvent extraction, or mechanical pressing).When these types of oils are exposed to air they tend to evaporate(i.e., a volatile oil). As a result, many essential oils are colorless,but with age they can oxidize and become darker. Essential oils areinsoluble in water and are soluble in alcohol, ether, fixed oils(vegetal), and other organic solvents. Typical physical characteristicsfound in essential oils include boiling points that vary from about 160°to 240° C. and densities ranging from about 0.759 to about 1.096.

Essential oils typically are named by the plant from which the oil isfound. For example, rose oil or peppermint oil are derived from rose orpeppermint plants, respectively. Non-limiting examples of essential oilsthat can be used in the context of the present invention include sesameoil, macadamia nut oil, tea tree oil, evening primrose oil, Spanish sageoil, Spanish rosemary oil, coriander oil, thyme oil, pimento berriesoil, rose oil, anise oil, balsam oil, bergamot oil, rosewood oil, cedaroil, chamomile oil, sage oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, cypress oil,eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, sea fennel oil, frankincense oil, geraniumoil, ginger oil, grapefruit oil, jasmine oil, juniper oil, lavender oil,lemon oil, lemongrass oil, lime oil, mandarin oil, marjoram oil, myrrhoil, neroli oil, orange oil, patchouli oil, pepper oil, black pepperoil, petitgrain oil, pine oil, rose otto oil, rosemary oil, sandalwoodoil, spearmint oil, spikenard oil, vetiver oil, wintergreen oil, orylang ylang. Other essential oils known to those of skill in the art arealso contemplated as being useful within the context of the presentinvention.

i. Thickening Agents

Thickening agents, including thickener or gelling agents, includesubstances which that can increase the viscosity of a composition.Thickeners includes those that can increase the viscosity of acomposition without substantially modifying the efficacy of the activeingredient within the composition. Thickeners can also increase thestability of the compositions of the present invention. In certainaspects of the present invention, thickeners include hydrogenatedpolyisobutene, trihydroxystearin, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/vpcopolymer, or a mixture of them.

Non-limiting examples of additional thickening agents that can be usedin the context of the present invention include carboxylic acidpolymers, crosslinked polyacrylate polymers, polyacrylamide polymers,polysaccharides, and gums. Examples of carboxylic acid polymers includecrosslinked compounds containing one or more monomers derived fromacrylic acid, substituted acrylic acids, and salts and esters of theseacrylic acids and the substituted acrylic acids, wherein thecrosslinking agent contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds andis derived from a polyhydric alcohol (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,087,445;4,509,949; 2,798,053; CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary,Fourth edition, 1991, pp. 12 and 80). Examples of commercially availablecarboxylic acid polymers include carbomers, which are homopolymers ofacrylic acid crosslinked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerythritol(e.g., CARBOPOL™ 900 series from B. F. Goodrich).

Non-limiting examples of crosslinked polyacrylate polymers includecationic and nonionic polymers. Examples are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,100,660 ; 4,849,484; 4,835,206; 4,628,078; 4,599,379).

Non-limiting examples of polyacrylamide polymers (including nonionicpolyacrylamide polymers including substituted branched or unbranchedpolymers) include polyacrylamide, isoparaffin and laureth-7, multi-blockcopolymers of acrylamides and substituted acrylamides with acrylic acidsand substituted acrylic acids.

Non-limiting examples of polysaccharides include cellulose,carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionatecarboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose,hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulosesulfate, and mixtures thereof. Another example is an alkyl substitutedcellulose where the hydroxy groups of the cellulose polymer ishydroxyalkylated (preferably hydroxy ethylated or hydroxypropylated) toform a hydroxyalkylated cellulose which is then further modified with aC10 -C30 straight chain or branched chain alkyl group through an etherlinkage. Typically these polymers are ethers of C10-C30 straight orbranched chain alcohols with hydroxyalkylcelluloses. Other usefulpolysaccharides include scleroglucans comprising a linear chain of (1-3)linked glucose units with a (1-6) linked glucose every three unit.

Non-limiting examples of gums that can be used with the presentinvention include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate,amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine,carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guarhydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydratedsilica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp,locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan,propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran,sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof.

j. Preservatives

Non-limiting examples of preservatives that can be used in the contextof the present invention include quaternary ammonium preservatives suchas polyquaternium-1 and benzalkonium halides (e.g., benzalkoniumchloride (“BAC”) and benzalkonium bromide), parabens (e.g.,methylparabens and propylparabens), phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol,chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal or combinations thereof.

2. Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Pharmaceutical active agents are also contemplated as being useful withthe compositions of the present invention. Non-limiting examples ofpharmaceutical active agents include anti-acne agents, agents used totreat rosacea, analgesics, anesthetics, anorectals, antihistamines,anti-inflammatory agents including non-steroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimicrobials, anti-canceractives, scabicides, pediculicides, antineoplastics, antiperspirants,antipruritics, antipsoriatic agents, antiseborrheic agents, biologicallyactive proteins and peptides, burn treatment agents, cauterizing agents,depigmenting agents, depilatories, diaper rash treatment agents,enzymes, hair growth stimulants, hair growth retardants including DFMOand its salts and analogs, hemostatics, kerotolytics, canker soretreatment agents, cold sore treatment agents, dental and periodontaltreatment agents, photosensitizing actives, skin protectant/barrieragents, steroids including hormones and corticosteroids, sunburntreatment agents, sunscreens, transdermal actives, nasal actives,vaginal actives, wart treatment agents, wound treatment agents, woundhealing agents, etc.

F. Kits

Kits are also contemplated as being used in certain aspects of thepresent invention. For instance, compositions of the present inventioncan be included in a kit. A kit can include a container. Containers caninclude a bottle, a metal tube, a laminate tube, a plastic tube, adispenser, a pressurized container, a barrier container, a package, acompartment, a lipstick container, a compact container, cosmetic pansthat can hold cosmetic compositions, or other types of containers suchas injection or blow-molded plastic containers into which thedispersions or compositions or desired bottles, dispensers, or packagesare retained. The kit and/or container can include indicia on itssurface. The indicia, for example, can be a word, a phrase, anabbreviation, a picture, or a symbol.

The containers can dispense a pre-determined amount of the composition.In other embodiments, the container can be squeezed (e.g., metal,laminate, or plastic tube) to dispense a desired amount of thecomposition. The composition can be dispensed as a spray, an aerosol, aliquid, a fluid, or a semi-solid. The containers can have spray, pump,or squeeze mechanisms. A kit can also include instructions for employingthe kit components as well the use of any other compositions included inthe container. Instructions can include an explanation of how to apply,use, and maintain the compositions.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are included to demonstrate preferred embodimentsof the invention. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the artthat the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow representtechniques discovered by the inventor to function well in the practiceof the invention, and thus can be considered to constitute preferredmodes for its practice. However, those of skill in the art should, inlight of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can bemade in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain alike or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention.

All of the compositions and methods disclosed and claimed herein can bemade and executed without undue experimentation in light of the presentdisclosure. While the compositions and methods of this invention havebeen described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent tothose of skill in the art that variations may be applied to thecompositions and methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps ofthe method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit,and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will be apparent thatcertain agents which are both chemically and physiologically related maybe substituted for the agents described herein while the same or similarresults would be achieved. All such similar substitutes andmodifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to bewithin the spirit, scope and concept of the invention as defined by theappended claims.

Example 1

Formulations having the ingredients disclosed herein were prepared astopical skin compositions. In some instances, the topical skincompositions can be prepared as an emulsion, serum, gel, gel emulsion,or gel serum. The formulation in Table 1 is an example of a topical skincomposition prepared as an oil in water emulsion cream. The formulationin Table 2 is an example of a topical skin composition prepared as awater in oil emulsion cleanser.

TABLE 1{circumflex over ( )} % Concentration Ingredient (by weight)Water 64 Dicaprylyl Carbonate 8 Glycerin 3 Cyclopentasiloxane 2Hydrogenated polyisobutene 2 Persea Gratissima (avocado) oil 2 Jojobaesters 2 Arachidyl alcohol 1 Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP 1Copolymer Argania spinosa kernel oil 1 Butylene glycol 1 Olea europaea(olive) fruit oil 1 Leptospermum scoparium (manuka honey) 0.000001 to 10(optional) Betaine 0.8 Behenyl alcohol 0.8 Glyceryl stearate 0.6Phenoxyethanol 0.5 Cetearyl alcohol 0.5 Butyrospermum parkii (shea)butter 0.5 Caprylyl glycol 0.4 PEG-100 stearate 0.4 Arachidyl glucoside0.4 Sodium PCA 0.3 Tocopheryl acetate 0.2 Sorbitol 0.2 Polyacrylate-130.2 Dimethicone 0.2 Xanthan gum 0.1 Disodium EDTA 0.1 Adenosine 0.1Sodium hyaluronate 0.02 Excipients* q.s. {circumflex over( )}Formulation can be prepared by mixing the ingredients in a beakerunder heat 70-75° C. until homogenous. Subsequently, the formulation canbe cooled to standing room temperature (20-25° C.). Further, and ifdesired, additional ingredients can be added, for example, to modify therheological properties of the composition or ingredients that providebenefits to skin. *Excipients can be added, for example, to modify therheological properties of the composition. Alternatively, the amount ofwater can be varied so long as the amount of water in the composition isat least 40% w/w, and preferably between 50 to 75% w/w.

TABLE 2{circumflex over ( )} % Concentration Ingredient (by weight)Mineral oil, light 33 PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate 15 Butylene glycol10 PEG-9 isostearate (optional) 8 Water 8 Isononyl isononanoate 5Cetearyl ethylhexanoate 3 Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil 3Polyethylene 3 Argania spinosa kernel oil 2 Olea europaea (olive) fruitoil 2 Persea gratissima (avocado) oil 2 Helianthus Annuus (sunflower)seed oil 2 Crambe abyssinica seed oil 1 Daucus carota sativa (carrot)root extract 1 (optional) Phenoxyethanol 0.8 Trihydroxystearin 0.8Tocopheryl acetate 0.3 Excipients* q.s. {circumflex over ( )}Formulationcan be prepared by mixing the ingredients in a beaker under heat 70-75°C. until homogenous. Subsequently, the formulation can be cooled tostanding room temperature (20-25° C.). Further, and if desired,additional ingredients can be added, for example, to modify therheological properties of the composition or ingredients that providebenefits to skin. *Excipients can be added, for example, to modify therheological properties of the composition. Alternatively, the amount ofwater can be varied so long as the amount of water in the composition isbelow at least 40% w/w, and preferably between 0.01 to 20% w/w.

Example 2 In Vitro Activities

It has been determined that a composition comprising Persea gratissima(avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, Argania spinosa kerneloil, Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil, Crambeabyssinica seed oil, Leptospermum scoparium (manuka honey), and/orDaucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract can increase the productionof collagen that can help improve skin firmness and elasticity, reduceTNF-α expression which can reduce inflammation, and inhibit B16melanogensis, which can prevent skin darkening and lighten dark spots,inhibit tyrosinase, increase elastin production, increase fibronectinproduction, and/or increase laminin production. A summary ofquantitative results is found in Table 3 and the methods used todetermine the properties of the ingredients are provided below.

TABLE 3 Assay Ingredient Activity Inhibition of TNF-α Daucus carotasativa (carrot) root  +78% expression extract (0.1%) (optional)Inhibition of B16 Leptospermum scoparium (manuka  +31% melanogenesishoney) (0.1%) (optional) Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root  +27%extract (0.1%) (optional) Inhibition of Leptospermum scoparium (manuka +55% mushroom tyrosinase honey) (0.1%) (optional) Increase of collagenArgania spinosa kernel oil (0.1%)  +28% Daucus carota sativa (carrot)root  +22% extract (1%) (optional) Increase of elastin Argania spinosakernel oil (0.1%) +129% Increase of fibronectin Argania spinosa kerneloil (0.1%)  +22% Increase of laminin Argania spinosa kernel oil (0.1%)+135%

Collagen Stimulation Assay: Collagen is an extracellular matrix proteincritical for skin structure. Increased synthesis of collagen helpsimprove skin firmness and elasticity. This bioassay was used to examinethe effect of Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract on theproduction of procollagen peptide (a precursor to collagen) by humanepidermal fibroblasts. The endpoint of this assay was aspectrophotometric measurement that reflected the presence ofprocollagen peptide and cellular viability. The assay employed thequantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique whereby a monoclonalantibody specific for procollagen peptide was pre-coated onto amicroplate. Standards and samples were pipetted into the wells and anyprocollagen peptide present was bound by the immobilized antibody. Afterwashing away any unbound substances, an enzyme-linked polyclonalantibody specific for procollagen peptide was added to the wells.Following a wash to remove any unbound antibody-enzyme reagent, asubstrate solution was added to the wells and color developed inproportion to the amount of procollagen peptide bound in the initialstep. Color development was stopped and the intensity of the color at450 nm was measured using a microplate reader.

For generation of samples and controls, subconfluent normal human adultepidermal fibroblasts (Cascade Biologics) were cultivated in standardDMEM growth medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (Mediatech) at 37° C. in10% CO₂. The cells were treated with each of the tested ingredients andcontrols for 3 days. Following incubation, cell culture medium wascollected and the amount of procollagen peptide secretion was quantifiedusing the sandwich enzyme linked immuno-sorbant assay (ELISA) fromTakara (#MK101) as explained above.

It was shown that Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract increasedthe production of collagen between 22.3% to 65%. Additionally, it wasshown that Argania spinosa kernel oil increased the production ofcollagen by 28%.

B16 Pigmentation Assay: Melanogenesis is the process by whichmelanocytes produce melanin, a naturally produced pigment that impartscolor to skin, hair, and eyes. Inhibiting melanogenesis is beneficial toprevent skin darkening and lighten dark spots associated with aging.This bioassay utilizes B16-F1 melanocytes (ATCC), an immortalized mousemelanoma cell line, to analyze the effect of compounds on melanogenesis.The endpoint of this assay is a spectrophotometric measurement ofmelanin production and cellular viability. B16-F1 melanocytes werecultivated in standard DMEM growth medium with 10% fetal bovine serum(Mediatech) at 37° C. in 10% CO₂ and then treated with any one of theactive ingredients, combination of ingredients, or compositions havingsaid combinations disclosed in the specification for 6 days. Followingincubation, melanin secretion was measured by absorbance at 405 nm andcellular viability was quantified. Specifically, it was shown thatDaucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract inhibited B16 melanogenesisexpression by 27%. Additionally, it was shown that Leptospermumscoparium (manuka honey) inhibited B16 melanogenesis expression by 31%.

Elastin Stimulation Assay: Elastin is a connective tissue protein thathelps skin resume shape after stretching or contracting. Elastin is alsoan important load-bearing protein used in places where mechanical energyis required to be stored. Elastin is made by linking many solubletropoelastin protein molecules, in a reaction catalyzed by lysyloxidase. Elastin secretion and elastin fibers were monitored in culturedhuman fibroblasts by staining of cultured human fibroblasts usingimmunofluorescent antibodies directed against elastin. Specifically, itwas shown that Argania spinosa kernel oil increased elastin productionby 129%.

Laminin and Fibronectin Stimulation Assay: Laminin and fibronectin aremajor proteins in the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) (also referred toas the basement membrane). The DEJ is located between the dermis and theepidermis and interlocks forming fingerlike projections called reteridges. The cells of the epidermis receive their nutrients from theblood vessels in the dermis. The rete ridges increase the surface areaof the epidermis that is exposed to these blood vessels and the needednutrients. The DEJ provides adhesion of the two tissue compartments andgoverns the structural integrity of the skin. Laminin and fibronectinare two structural glycoproteins located in the DEJ. Considered the gluethat holds the cells together, laminin and fibronectin are secreted bydermal fibroblasts to help facilitate intra- and inter-cellular adhesionof the epidermal cells to the DEJ. Laminin and fibronectin secretion wasmonitored by quantifying laminin and fibronectin in cell supernatants ofcultured human fibroblasts treated for 3 days with culture medium withor without the test ingredient(s). Following incubation, laminin andfibronectin content was measured using immunofluorescent antibodiesdirected against each protein in an enzyme linked immuno-sorbant assay(ELISA). Measurements were normalized for cellular metabolic activity,as determined by bioconversion of3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS). Specifically, it was shown that Argania spinosa kernel oilincreased fibronectin production by 22%, and increased lamininproduction by 135%.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Assay: The prototype ligand of theTNF superfamily, TNF-α, is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a centralrole in inflammation. Increase in its expression is associated with anup regulation in pro-inflammatory activity. This bioassay can be used toanalyze the effect of any one of the active ingredients, combination ofingredients, or compositions having said combinations disclosed in thespecification on the production of TNF-α by human epidermalkeratinocytes. The endpoint of this assay can be a spectrophotometricmeasurement that reflects the presence of TNF-α and cellular viability.The assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay techniquewhereby a monoclonal antibody specific for TNF-α has been pre-coatedonto a microplate. Standards and samples were pipetted into the wellsand any TNF-α present was bound by the immobilized antibody. Afterwashing away any unbound substances, an enzyme-linked polyclonalantibody specific for TNF-α was added to the wells. Following a wash toremove any unbound antibody-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution wasadded to the wells and color developed in proportion to the amount ofTNF-α bound in the initial step using a microplate reader for detectionat 450 nm. The color development was stopped and the intensity of thecolor was measured. Subconfluent normal human adult keratinocytes(Cascade Biologics) cultivated in EPILIFE™ standard growth medium(Cascade Biologics) at 37° C. in 5% CO₂, was treated with phorbol12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 10 ng/ml, Sigma Chemical, #P1585-1MG) andany one of the active ingredients, combination of ingredients, orcompositions having said combinations disclosed in the specification for6 hours. PMA has been shown to cause a dramatic increase in TNF-αsecretion which peaks at 6 hours after treatment. Following incubation,cell culture medium was collected and the amount of TNF-α secretionquantified using a sandwich enzyme linked immuno-sorbant assay (ELISA)from R&D Systems (#DTA00C). Specifically, it was shown that Daucuscarota sativa (carrot) root extract inhibited TNF-α expression by 78%.

Mushroom tyrosinase activity assay: In mammalian cells, tyrosinasecatalyzes two steps in the multi-step biosynthesis of melanin pigmentsfrom tyrosine (and from the polymerization of dopachrome). Tyrosinase islocalized in melanocytes and produces melanin (aromatic quinonecompounds) that imparts color to skin, hair, and eyes. Purified mushroomtyrosinase (Sigma) was incubated with its substrate L-Dopa (Fisher) inthe presence or absence of each of the active ingredients, any one ofthe combination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification. Pigment formation was evaluated bycolorimetric plate reading at 490 nm. The percent inhibition of mushroomtyrosinase activity was calculated compared to non-treated controls todetermine the ability of test ingredients or combinations thereof toinhibit the activity of purified enzyme. Test extract inhibition wascompared with that of kojic acid (Sigma). Specifically, it was shownthat Leptospermum scoparium (manuka honey) inhibited mushroom tyrosinaseexpression by 55%.

Example 3 Additional Assays

Assays that can be used to determine the efficacy of any one of theingredients or any combination of ingredients or compositions havingsaid combination of ingredients disclosed throughout the specificationand claims can be determined by methods known to those of ordinary skillin the art. The following are non-limiting assays that can be used inthe context of the present invention. It should be recognized that othertesting procedures can be used, including, for example, objective andsubjective procedures.

Antioxidant (AO) Assay: An in vitro bioassay that measures the totalanti-oxidant capacity of any one of the ingredients, combination ofingredients, or compositions having said combinations disclosed in thespecification. The assay relies on the ability of antioxidants in thesample to inhibit the oxidation of ABTS®(2,2′-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate]) to ABTS®+metmyoglobin. The antioxidant system of living organisms includesenzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathioneperoxidase; macromolecules such as albumin, ceruloplasmin, and ferritin;and an array of small molecules, including ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol,β-carotene, reduced glutathione, uric acid, and bilirubin. The sum ofendogenous and food-derived antioxidants represents the totalantioxidant activity of the extracellular fluid. Cooperation of all thedifferent antioxidants provides greater protection against attack byreactive oxygen or nitrogen radicals, than any single compound alone.Thus, the overall antioxidant capacity may give more relevant biologicalinformation compared to that obtained by the measurement of individualcomponents, as it considers the cumulative effect of all antioxidantspresent in plasma and body fluids. The capacity of the antioxidants inthe sample to prevent ABTS oxidation is compared with that of Trolox, awater-soluble tocopherol analogue, and is quantified as molar Troloxequivalents. Anti-Oxidant capacity kit #709001 from Cayman Chemical (AnnArbor, Mich. USA) can be used as an in vitro bioassay to measure thetotal anti-oxidant capacity of each of any one of the activeingredients, combination of ingredients, or compositions having saidcombinations disclosed in the specification. The protocol can befollowed according to manufacturer recommendations.

ORAC Assay: Oxygen Radical Absorption (or Absorbance) Capacity (ORAC) ofany one of the active ingredients, combination of ingredients, orcompositions having said combinations disclosed in the specification canalso be assayed by measuring the antioxidant activity of suchingredients or compositions. Antioxidant activity indicates a capabilityto reduce oxidizing agents (oxidants). This assay quantifies the degreeand length of time it takes to inhibit the action of an oxidizing agent,such as oxygen radicals, that are known to cause damage to cells (e.g.,skin cells). The ORAC value of any one of the active ingredients,combination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification can be determined by methods known tothose of ordinary skill in the art (see U.S. Publication Nos.2004/0109905 and 2005/0163880; and commercially available kits such asZen-Bio ORAC Anti-oxidant Assay kit (#AOX-2)). The Zen-Bio ORACAnti-oxidant Assay kit measures the loss of fluorescein fluorescenceover time due to the peroxyl-radical formation by the breakdown of AAPH(2,2′-axobis-2-methyl propanimidamide, dihydrochloride). Trolox, a watersoluble vitamin E analog, serves as positive control inhibitionfluorescein decay in a dose dependent manner.

Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 and 9 Enzyme Activity (MMP3; MMP9) Assay: Anin vitro matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibition assay. MMPs areextracellular proteases that play a role in many normal and diseasestates by virtue of their broad substrate specificity. MMP3 substratesinclude collagens, fibronectins, and laminin; while MMP9 substratesinclude collagen VII, fibronectins and laminin. Using Colorimetric DrugDiscovery kits from BioMol International for MMP3 (AK-400) and MMP-9(AK-410), this assay is designed to measure protease activity of MMPsusing a thiopeptide as a chromogenic substrate(Ac-PLG-[2-mercapto-4-methyl-pentanoyl]-LG-OC2H5)5,6. The MMP cleavagesite peptide bond is replaced by a thioester bond in the thiopeptide.Hydrolysis of this bond by an MMP produces a sulfhydryl group, whichreacts with DTNB [5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), Ellman's reagent]to form 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid, which can be detected by itsabsorbance at 412 nm (ε=13,600 M-1 cm-1 at pH 6.0 and above 7). Theactive ingredients, any one of the combination of ingredients, orcompositions having said combinations disclosed in the specification canbe assayed.

Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Enzyme Activity (MMP1) Assay: An in vitromatrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibition assay. MMPs are extracellularproteases that play a role in many normal and disease states by virtueof their broad substrate specificity. MMP1 substrates include collagenIV. The Molecular Probes Enz/Chek Gelatinase/Collagenase Assay kit(#E12055) utilizes a fluorogenic gelatin substrate to detect MMP1protease activity. Upon proteolytic cleavage, bright green fluorescenceis revealed and may be monitored using a fluorescent microplate readerto measure enzymatic activity.

The Enz/Chek Gelatinase/Collagenase Assay kit (#E12055) from Invitrogenis designed as an in vitro assay to measure MMP1 enzymatic activity. Theactive ingredients, any one of the combination of ingredients, orcompositions having said combinations disclosed in the specification canbe assayed. The assay relies upon the ability of purified MMP1 enzyme todegrade a fluorogenic gelatin substrate. Once the substrate isspecifically cleaved by MMP1 bright green fluorescence is revealed andmay be monitored using a fluorescent microplate reader. Test materialsare incubated in the presence or absence of the purified enzyme andsubstrate to determine their protease inhibitor capacity.

Cyclooxygenase (COX) Assay: An in vitro cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1,-2) inhibition assay. COX is a bifunctional enzyme exhibiting bothcyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities. The cyclooxygenase activityconverts arachidonic acid to a hydroperoxy endoperoxide (ProstaglandinG2; PGG2) and the peroxidase component reduces the endoperoxide(Prostaglandin H2; PGH2) to the corresponding alcohol, the precursor ofprostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins. This COX Inhibitorscreening assay measures the peroxidase component of cyclooxygenases.The peroxidase activity is assayed colorimetrically by monitoring theappearance of oxidized N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD).This inhibitor screening assay includes both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes inorder to screen isozyme-specific inhibitors. The Colormetric COX (ovine)Inhibitor screening assay (#760111, Cayman Chemical) can be used toanalyze the effects of each of the active ingredients, any one of thecombination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification on the activity of purifiedcyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1 or COX-2). According to manufacturerinstructions, purified enzyme, heme and test extracts can be mixed inassay buffer and incubated with shaking for 15 min at room temperature.Following incubation, arachidonic acid and colorimetric substrate can beadded to initiate the reaction. Color progression can be evaluated bycolorimetric plate reading at 590 nm. The percent inhibition of COX-1 orCOX-2 activity can be calculated compared to non-treated controls todetermine the ability of test extracts to inhibit the activity ofpurified enzyme.

Lipoxygenase (LO) Assay: An in vitro lipoxygenase (LO) inhibition assay.LOs are non-heme iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the additionof molecular oxygen to fatty acids. Linoleate and arachidonate are themain substrates for LOs in plants and animals. Arachidonic acid may thenbe converted to hydroxyeicosotrienenoic (HETE) acid derivatives, thatare subsequently converted to leukotrienes, potent inflammatorymediators. This assay provides an accurate and convenient method forscreening lipoxygenase inhibitors by measuring the hydroperoxidesgenerated from the incubation of a lipoxygenase (5-, 12-, or 15-LO) witharachidonic acid. The Colorimetric LO Inhibitor screening kit (#760700,Cayman Chemical) can be used to determine the ability of each of theactive ingredients, any one of the combination of ingredients, orcompositions having said combinations disclosed in the specification toinhibit enzyme activity. Purified 15-lipoxygenase and test ingredientscan be mixed in assay buffer and incubated with shaking for 10 min atroom temperature. Following incubation, arachidonic acid can be added toinitiate the reaction and the mixtures can be incubated for anadditional 10 min at room temperature. Colorimetric substrate can beadded to terminate catalysis and color progression can be evaluated byfluorescence plate reading at 490 nm. The percent inhibition oflipoxyganse activity can be calculated compared to non-treated controlsto determine the ability of each of the active ingredients, any one ofthe combination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification to inhibit the activity of purifiedenzyme.

Elastase Assay: ENZCHEK® Elastase Assay (Kit# E-12056) from MolecularProbes (Eugene, Oreg. USA) can be used as an in vitro enzyme inhibitionassay for measuring inhibition of elastase activity for each of theactive ingredients, any one of the combination of ingredients, orcompositions having said combinations disclosed in the specification.The EnzChek kit contains soluble bovine neck ligament elastin that canbe labeled with dye such that the conjugate's fluorescence can bequenched. The non-fluorescent substrate can be digested by elastase orother proteases to yield highly fluorescent fragments. The resultingincrease in fluorescence can be monitored with a fluorescence microplatereader. Digestion products from the elastin substrate have absorptionmaxima at ˜505 nm and fluorescence emission maxima at ˜515 nm. Thepeptide, N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethyl ketone, can beused as a selective, collective inhibitor of elastase when utilizing theEnzChek Elastase Assay Kit for screening for elastase inhibitors.

Oil Control Assay: An assay to measure reduction of sebum secretion fromsebaceous glands and/or reduction of sebum production from sebaceousglands can be assayed by using standard techniques known to those havingordinary skill in the art. In one instance, the forehead can be used.Each of the active ingredients, any one of the combination ofingredients, or compositions having said combinations disclosed in thespecification can be applied to one portion of the forehead once ortwice daily for a set period of days (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or more days), while another portion of the foreheadis not treated with the composition. After the set period of daysexpires, then sebum secretion can be assayed by application of fineblotting paper to the treated and untreated forehead skin. This is doneby first removing any sebum from the treated and untreated areas withmoist and dry cloths. Blotting paper can then be applied to the treatedand untreated areas of the forehead, and an elastic band can be placedaround the forehead to gently press the blotting paper onto the skin.After 2 hours the blotting papers can be removed, allowed to dry andthen transilluminated. Darker blotting paper correlates with more sebumsecretion (or lighter blotting paper correlates with reduced sebumsecretion.

Erythema Assay: An assay to measure the reduction of skin redness can beevaluated using a Minolta Chromometer. Skin erythema may be induced byapplying a 0.2% solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the forearm of asubject. The area is protected by an occlusive patch for 24 hrs. After24 hrs, the patch is removed and the irritation-induced redness can beassessed using the a* values of the Minolta Chroma Meter. The a* valuemeasures changes in skin color in the red region. Immediately afterreading, the area is treated with the active ingredients, any one of thecombination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification. Repeat measurements can be taken atregular intervals to determine the formula's ability to reduce rednessand irritation.

Skin Moisture/Hydration Assay: Skin moisture/hydration benefits can bemeasured by using impedance measurements with the Nova Dermal PhaseMeter. The impedance meter measures changes in skin moisture content.The outer layer of the skin has distinct electrical properties. Whenskin is dry it conducts electricity very poorly. As it becomes morehydrated increasing conductivity results. Consequently, changes in skinimpedance (related to conductivity) can be used to assess changes inskin hydration. The unit can be calibrated according to instrumentinstructions for each testing day. A notation of temperature andrelative humidity can also be made. Subjects can be evaluated asfollows: prior to measurement they can equilibrate in a room withdefined humidity (e.g., 30-50%) and temperature (e.g., 68-72° C.). Threeseparate impedance readings can be taken on each side of the face,recorded, and averaged. The T5 setting can be used on the impedancemeter which averages the impedance values of every five secondsapplication to the face. Changes can be reported with statisticalvariance and significance. Each of the active ingredients, any one ofthe combination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification can be assayed according to this process.

Skin Clarity and Reduction in Freckles and Age Spots Assay: Skin clarityand the reduction in freckles and age spots can be evaluated using aMinolta Chromometer. Changes in skin color can be assessed to determineirritation potential due to product treatment using the a* values of theMinolta Chroma Meter. The a* value measures changes in skin color in thered region. This is used to determine whether each of the activeingredients, any one of the combination of ingredients, or compositionshaving said combinations disclosed in the specification is inducingirritation. The measurements can be made on each side of the face andaveraged, as left and right facial values. Skin clarity can also bemeasured using the Minolta Meter. The measurement is a combination ofthe a*, b, and L values of the Minolta Meter and is related to skinbrightness, and correlates well with skin smoothness and hydration. Skinreading is taken as above. In one non-limiting aspect, skin clarity canbe described as L/C where C is chroma and is defined as (a²+b²)½.

Skin Dryness, Surface Fine Lines, Skin Smoothness, and Skin Tone Assay:Skin dryness, surface fine lines, skin smoothness, and skin tone can beevaluated with clinical grading techniques. For example, clinicalgrading of skin dryness can be determined by a five point standardKligman Scale: (0) skin is soft and moist; (1) skin appears normal withno visible dryness; (2) skin feels slightly dry to the touch with novisible flaking; (3) skin feels dry, tough, and has a whitish appearancewith some scaling; and (4) skin feels very dry, rough, and has a whitishappearance with scaling. Evaluations can be made independently by twoclinicians and averaged.

Clinical Grading of Skin Tone Assay: Clinical grading of skin tone canbe performed via a ten point analog numerical scale: (10) even skin ofuniform, pinkish brown color. No dark, erythremic, or scaly patches uponexamination with a hand held magnifying lens. Microtexture of the skinvery uniform upon touch; (7) even skin tone observed withoutmagnification. No scaly areas, but slight discolorations either due topigmentation or erythema. No discolorations more than 1 cm in diameter;(4) both skin discoloration and uneven texture easily noticeable. Slightscaliness. Skin rough to the touch in some areas; and (1) uneven skincoloration and texture. Numerous areas of scaliness and discoloration,either hypopigmented, erythremic or dark spots. Large areas of unevencolor more than 1 cm in diameter. Evaluations were made independently bytwo clinicians and averaged.

Clinical Grading of Skin Smoothness Assay: Clinical grading of skinsmoothness can be analyzed via a ten point analog numerical scale: (10)smooth, skin is moist and glistening, no resistance upon dragging fingeracross surface; (7) somewhat smooth, slight resistance; (4) rough,visibly altered, friction upon rubbing; and (1) rough, flaky, unevensurface. Evaluations were made independently by two clinicians andaveraged.

Skin Smoothness and Wrinkle Reduction Assay With Methods Disclosed inPackman et al. (1978): Skin smoothness and wrinkle reduction can also beassessed visually by using the methods disclosed in Packman et al.(1978). For example, at each subject visit, the depth, shallowness andthe total number of superficial facial lines (SFLs) of each subject canbe carefully scored and recorded. A numerical score was obtained bymultiplying a number factor times a depth/width/length factor. Scoresare obtained for the eye area and mouth area (left and right sides) andadded together as the total wrinkle score.

Skin Firmness Assay with a Hargens Ballistometer: Skin firmness can bemeasured using a Hargens ballistometer, a device that evaluates theelasticity and firmness of the skin by dropping a small body onto theskin and recording its first two rebound peaks. The ballistometry is asmall lightweight probe with a relatively blunt tip (4 square mm-contactarea) was used. The probe penetrates slightly into the skin and resultsin measurements that are dependent upon the properties of the outerlayers of the skin, including the stratum corneum and outer epidermisand some of the dermal layers.

Skin Softness/Suppleness Assay with a Gas Bearing Electrodynamometer:Skin softness/suppleness can be evaluated using the Gas BearingElectrodynamometer, an instrument that measures the stress/strainproperties of the skin. The viscoelastic properties of skin correlatewith skin moisturization. Measurements can be obtained on thepredetermined site on the cheek area by attaching the probe to the skinsurface with double-stick tape. A force of approximately 3.5 gm can beapplied parallel to the skin surface and the skin displacement isaccurately measured. Skin suppleness can then be calculated and isexpressed as DSR (Dynamic Spring Rate in gm/mm).

Appearance of Lines and Wrinkles Assay with Replicas: The appearance oflines and wrinkles on the skin can be evaluated using replicas, which isthe impression of the skin's surface. Silicone rubber like material canbe used. The replica can be analyzed by image analysis. Changes in thevisibility of lines and wrinkles can be objectively quantified via thetaking of silicon replicas form the subjects' face and analyzing thereplicas image using a computer image analysis system. Replicas can betaken from the eye area and the neck area, and photographed with adigital camera using a low angle incidence lighting. The digital imagescan be analyzed with an image processing program and are of the replicascovered by wrinkles or fine lines was determined.

Surface Contour of the Skin Assay with a Profilometer/Stylus Method: Thesurface contour of the skin can be measured by using theprofilometer/Stylus method. This includes either shining a light ordragging a stylus across the replica surface. The vertical displacementof the stylus can be fed into a computer via a distance transducer, andafter scanning a fixed length of replica a cross-sectional analysis ofskin profile can be generated as a two-dimensional curve. This scan canbe repeated any number of times along a fix axis to generate a simulated3-D picture of the skin. Ten random sections of the replicas using thestylus technique can be obtained and combined to generate averagevalues. The values of interest include Ra which is the arithmetic meanof all roughness (height) values computed by integrating the profileheight relative to the mean profile height. Rt which is the maximumvertical distance between the highest peak and lowest trough, and Rzwhich is the mean peak amplitude minus the mean peak height. Values aregiven as a calibrated value in mm. Equipment should be standardizedprior to each use by scanning metal standards of know values. Ra Valuecan be computed by the following equation: R_(a)=Standardize roughness;l_(m)=the traverse (scan) length; and y=the absolute value of thelocation of the profile relative to the mean profile height (x-axis).

MELANODERM™ Assay: In other non-limiting aspects, the efficacy of eachof the active ingredients, any one of the combination of ingredients, orcompositions having said combinations disclosed in the specification canbe evaluated by using a skin analog, such as, for example, MELANODERM™.Melanocytes, one of the cells in the skin analog, stain positively whenexposed to L-dihydroxyphenyl alanine (L-DOPA), a precursor of melanin.The skin analog, MELANODERM™, can be treated with a variety of basescontaining each of the active ingredients, any one of the combination ofingredients, or compositions having said combinations disclosed in thespecification or with the base alone as a control. Alternatively, anuntreated sample of the skin analog can be used as a control.

Production of Filaggrin: Changes in the production of filaggrin inkeratinocytes due to each of the active ingredients, any one of thecombination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification can be measured. Filaggrin is theprecursor to Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) in the skin. IncreasedNMF increases the moisture content of the skin. Filaggrin production intreated and non-treated keratinocytes can be determined using a bioassaythat analyzes filaggrin concentration in keratinocyte cell lysates. Anon-limiting example of a bioassay that can be used to quantifyfilaggrin production is the PROTEINSIMPLE® SIMON™ western blottingprotocol. For each sample, normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK)are grown in EPI-200—Mattek EPILIFE™ growth media with calcium from LifeTechnologies (M-EP-500-CA). NHEK are incubated in growth mediumovernight at 37° C. in 5% CO₂ prior to treatment. NHEK are thenincubated in growth medium with 1% test compound/extract or nocompound/extract (negative control) for 24 to 36 hours. The NHEK canthen be washed, collected, and stored on ice or colder until lysed onice using a lysis buffer and sonication. The protein concentrations ofthe samples can be determined and used to normalize the samples. Thelysates can be stored at −80° C. until use in the quantification assay.

The PROTEINSIMPLE® SIMON™ western blotting bioassay assay employs aquantitative western blotting immunoassay technique using an antibodyspecific for filaggrin to quantitatively detect filaggrin in the testsamples. Cell samples are lysed and normalized for proteinconcentration. Normalized samples and molecular weight standards canthen be loaded and ran on a denatured protein separation gel usingcapillary electrophoresis. The proteins in the gel are immobilized andimmunoprobed using a primary antibody specific for filaggrin. Theimmobilized proteins can then be immunoprobed with an enzyme-linkeddetection antibody that binds the primary antibody. A chemiluminescentsubstrate solution can then be added to the immobilized proteins toallow chemiluminescent development in proportion to the amount offilaggrin bound in the immobilization. The chemiluminescent developmentis stopped at a specific time and the intensity of the chemiluminescentsignal can be measured and compared to positive and negative controls.

Production of Occludin: Changes in the production of occludin inkeratinocytes due to each of the active ingredients, any one of thecombination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification can be measured. Occludin is a proteincritical to the formulation of tight junctions and the skin's moisturebarrier function. A non-limiting example of how occludin production intreated and non-treated keratinocytes can be determined is by the use ofa bioassay that analyzes occludin concentration in keratinocyte celllysates. The bioassay can be performed using PROTEINSIMPLE® SIMON™western blotting protocol. For the samples, adult human epidermalkeratinocytes (HEKa) from Life Technologies (C-005-5C) can be grown at37° C. and 5% CO2 for 24 hours in EPILIFE™ growth media with calciumfrom Life Technologies (M-EP-500-CA) supplemented with KeratinocyteGrowth Supplement (HKGS) from Life Technologies (S-101-5). HEKa are thenincubated in growth medium with test compound/extract, nocompound/extract for negative control, or with 1mM CaCl₂ for positivecontrol for 24 to 48 hours. The HEKa are then washed, collected, andstored on ice or colder until lysed on ice using a lysis buffer andsonication. The protein concentrations of the samples can be determinedand used to normalize the samples. The lysates are stored at −80° C.until use in the bioassay.

The PROTEINSIMPLE® SIMON™ western blotting bioassay assay employs aquantitative western blotting immunoassay technique using an antibodyspecific for occludin to quantitatively detect occludin in the testsamples. Cell samples are lysed and normalized for proteinconcentration. Normalized samples and molecular weight standards arethen loaded and ran on a denatured protein separation gel usingcapillary electrophoresis. The proteins in the gel are then immobilizedand immunoprobed using a primary antibody specific for occludin. Theimmobilized proteins are immunoprobed with an enzyme-linked detectionantibody that binds the primary antibody. A chemiluminescent substratesolution is then added to the immobilized proteins to allowchemiluminescent development in proportion to the amount of occludinbound in the immobilization. The chemiluminescent development can bestopped at a specific time and the intensity of the chemiluminescentsignal can be measured and compared to positive and negative controls.

Keratinocyte Monolayer Permeability: Changes in the permeability of akeratinocyte monolayer due to each of the active ingredients, any one ofthe combination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification can be measured. Keratinocyte monolayerpermeability is a measure of skin barrier integrity. Keratinocytemonolayer permeability in treated and non-treated keratinocytes can bedetermined using, as a non-limiting example, the In Vitro VascularPermeability assay by Millipore (ECM642). This assay analyzesendothelial cell adsorption, transport, and permeability. Briefly, adulthuman epidermal keratinocytes from Life Technologies (C-005-5C) can beseeded onto a porous collagen-coated membrane within a collection well.The keratinocytes are then incubated for 24 hours at 37° C. and 5% CO₂in EPILIFE™ growth media with calcium from Life Technologies(M-EP-500-CA) supplemented with Keratinocyte Growth Supplement (HKGS)from Life Technologies (S-101-5). This incubation time allows the cellsto form a monolayer and occlude the membrane pores. The media is thenreplaced with fresh media with (test sample) or without (non-treatedcontrol) test compounds/extracts and the keratinocytes are incubated foran additional 48 hours at 37° C. and 5% CO₂. To determine permeabilityof the keratinocyte monolayer after incubation with/without the testcompound/extract, the media is replaced with fresh media containing ahigh molecular weight Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Dextran and thekeratinocytes are incubated for 4 hours at 37° C. and 5% CO₂. During the4 hours incubation, FITC can pass through the keratinocytes monolayerand porous membrane into the collection well at a rate proportional tothe monolayer's permeability. After the 4 hour incubation, cellviability and the content of FITC in the collection wells can bedetermined. For the FITC content, the media in the collection well iscollected and fluorescence of the media determined at 480 nm (Em) whenexcited at 520 nm. Percent permeability and percent change in comparisonto the non-treated controls can be determined by the followingequations: Percent Permeability=((Mean Ex/Em of test sample)/Mean Ex/Emuntreated control)*100; Percent Change=Percent Permeability of testsample−Percent Permeability of untreated control.

Production of Hyaluronic Acid: Changes in the production of hyaluronicacid in human dermal fibroblasts due to each of the active ingredients,any one of the combination of ingredients, or compositions having saidcombinations disclosed in the specification can be measured. HA is apolysaccharide involved in stabilization of the structure of the matrixand is involved in providing turgor pressure to tissue and cells. As onenon-limiting example, HA production in treated and non-treated adulthuman dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) cells can be determined using theHyaluronan DuoSet ELISA kit from R&D Systems (DY3614). In this assay,for production of samples, subconfluent HDFa cells from CascadeBiologics (C-13-5C) are incubated at 37° C. and 10% CO₂ in starvationmedium (0.15% fetal bovine serum and 1% Penicillin Streptomycin solutionin Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) for 72 hours prior to treatment.The cells are then incubated with fresh starvation medium with eithertest compound, positive control (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate fromSigma-Aldrich (P1585) and platelet derived growth factor fromSigma-Aldrich (P3201)), or no additive for 24 hours. Media is thencollected and frozen at −80° C. until use in the ELISA assay.

Briefly, the ELISA assay employs a quantitative sandwich enzymeimmunoassay technique whereby a capture antibody specific for HA can bepre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and media from treated anduntreated cells are pipetted into the microplate wells to enable any HApresent to be bound by the immobilized antibody. After washing away anyunbound substances, an enzyme-linked detection antibody specific for HAis added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unboundantibody-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells toallow color development in proportion to the amount of HA bound in theinitial step. The color development is stopped at a specific time andthe intensity of the color at 450 nm can be measured using a microplatereader.

Inhibition of Hyaluronidase Activity: Changes in the activity ofhyaluronidase due to each of the active ingredients, any one of thecombination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinationsdisclosed in the specification can be measured. Hyaluronidase is anenzyme that degrades HA. HA is a polysaccharide involved instabilization of the structure of the matrix and is involved inproviding turgor pressure to tissue and cells. As one non-limitingexample, hyaluronidase activity can be determined using an in vitroprotocol modified from Sigma-Aldrich protocol # EC 3.2.1.35. Briefly,hyaluronidase type 1-S from Sigma-Aldrich (H3506) is added to microplatereaction wells containing test compound or controls. Tannic acid can beused as a positive control inhibitor, no test compound can be added forthe control enzyme, and wells with test compound or positive control butwithout hyaluronidase can be used as a background negative control. Thewells are incubated at 37° C. for 10 minutes before addition ofsubstrate (HA). Substrate is added and the reactions incubated at 37° C.for 45 minutes. A portion of each reaction solution is then transferredto and gently mixed in a solution of sodium acetate and acetic acid pH3.75 to stop that portion of the reaction (stopped wells). The stoppedwells and the reaction wells should both contain the same volume ofsolution after addition of the portion of the reaction solution to thestopped wells. Both the reaction wells and the stopped wells areincubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Absorbance at 600 nm isthen measured for both the reaction wells and the stopped wells.Inhibition can be calculated using the following formulas: Inhibitor (orcontrol) activity=(Inhibitor stopped wells absorbance at 600nm−inhibitor reaction wells absorbance at 600 nm); Initialactivity=control enzyme absorbance at 600 nm; PercentInhibition=[(Initial activity/Inhibitor Activity)*100]−100.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) Activity:Changes in the activity of PPAR-γ due to each of the active ingredients,any one of the combination of ingredients, or compositions having saidcombinations disclosed in the specification can be measured. PPAR-γ is areceptor critical for the production of sebum. As one non-limitingexample, the activity of PPAR-γ can be determined using a bioassay thatanalyzes the ability of a test compound or composition to inhibitbinding of a ligand. Briefly, fluorescent small-molecule pan-PPARligand, FLUORMONE™ Pan-PPAR Green, available from Life Technologies(PV4894), can be used to determine if test compounds or compositions areable to inhibit binding of the ligand to PPAR-γ. The samples wellsinclude PPAR-γ and fluorescent ligand and either: test compound orcomposition (test); a reference inhibitor, rosiglitazone (positivecontrol); or no test compound (negative control). The wells areincubated for a set period of time to allow the ligand opportunity tobind the PPAR-γ. The fluorescence polarization of each sample well canthen be measured and compared to the negative control well to determinethe percentage of inhibition by the test compound or composition.

Cytokine array: Human epidermal keratinocytes are cultured to 70-80%confluency. The media in the plate is aspirated and 0.025% trypsin/EDTAis added. When the cells became rounded, the culture dish is gentlytapped to release the cells. The trypsin/EDTA containing cells areremoved from the culture dish and neutralized. Cells are centrifuged for5 min. at 180×g to form a pellet of cells. The supernatant is aspirated.The resulting pellet is resuspended in EPILIFE™ media (CascadeBiologics). The cells are seeded in 6-well plates at approximately10-20% confluency. After the cells became approximately 80% confluent,the media is aspirated and 1.0 ml of EPILIFE™, along with phorbol13-Myristate 12-acetate (“PMA”) (a known inducer of inflammation) andthe test composition dilutions are added to two replicate wells (i.e.,1.0% (100 μl of 100× stock) and 0.1% (10 μl of 100× stock) testcompositions are diluted into a final volume of 1 ml EPILIFE™ GrowthMedium). The media is gently swirled to ensure adequate mixing. Inaddition, 1.0 ml of EPILIFE™ is added to the control wells, with andwithout additional PMA. The plates are then incubated at 37±1° C. and5.0±1% CO₂ for approximately 5 hours after dosing. Following this 5-hourincubation, all media is collected in conical tubes and frozen at −70°C.

For analysis, a 16-pad hybridization chamber is attached to 16-pad FASTslides arrayed in triplicate with 16 anti-cytokine antibodies plusexperimental controls (Whatman BioSciences), and the slides are placedinto a FASTFrame (4 slides per frame) for processing. Arrays are blockedfor 15 min. at room temp. using 70 ml S&S Protein Array Blocking buffer(Whatman Schleicher and Scheull). Blocking buffer is removed and 70 mlof each supernatant sample is added to each array. Arrays are incubatedfor 3 hours at room temp. with gentle agitation. Arrays are washed 3times with TBS-T. Arrays are treated with 70 ml of an antibody cocktail,containing one biotinylated antibody corresponding to each of thearrayed capture antibodies. Arrays are incubated for 1 hour at roomtemp. with gentle agitation. Arrays are washed 3 times with TBS-T.Arrays are incubated with 70 ml of a solution containingstreptavidin-Cy5 conjugate for 1 hour at room temp. with gentleagitation. Arrays are washed 3 times with TBS-T, quickly rinsed inde-ionized water, and dried.

Slides can be imaged in a Perkin-Elmer ScanArray 4000 confocalfluorescent imaging system. Array images can be saved and analyzed usingImaging Research ArrayVision software. Briefly, spot intensities aredetermined by subtracting background signal. Spot replicates from eachsample condition can be averaged and then compared to the appropriatecontrols.

Endothelial Tube Formation: Endothelial tube formation is involved inangiogenesis and micro-vessel capillary formation. Capillary formationand angiogenesis may contribute to redness and rosacea of the skin. Theability for endothelial cells to form tubes in the presence or absenceof test extracts and compounds may be determined using a capillarytubule disruption assay with pre-formed primary human umbilical veinendothelial cells (HUVEC) in a cell culture system.

Briefly, HUVECs are cultured in vitro on Extracellular Matrix, whichstimulates the attachment and tubular morphogenesis of endothelial cellsto form capillary-like lumen structures. These in vitro formed capillarytubules are similar to human blood vessel capillaries in many aspects.The capillary tube assay is based on this phenomenon and is used forevaluation of potential vasculature targeting agents.

HUVEC cultures are grown in a 5% CO₂ 37° C. cell incubator. The fullgrowth medium for HUVECs is Endothelial Cell Basal Medium (EBM)supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 12 μg/ml bovine brainextract, 1 μg/ml hydrocortisone, and 1 μg/ml GA-1000(gentamicin-amphothericin). HUVEC cultures between passage 3 and 8 maybe used for all assay experiments.

HUVECs are pre-labeled with fluorescent agent Calcein AM and seeded inExtracellular Matrix coated 96-well culture plate with their full growthmedium. After about four hours of the morphogenesis process, theendothelial capillary tubes should be formed. Then, test agent indesigned doses in 50 μl volume is applied into the formed capillarytubule cultures as treatment conditions. The no-treatment controls canbe added with vehicle of test agents. Sutent, a FDA approvedanti-angiogenic drug one concentration can be included as assayperformance control. After about six hours of treatment, the endothelialtubule morphology in each well is examined by microscopy, imaged, andthe capillary disrupting activities under treatment conditions can bequantitatively analyzed. Each test conditions can be conducted induplicate wells, including controls.

All of the compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein canbe made and executed without undue experimentation in light of thepresent disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this inventionhave been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will beapparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied tothe compositions and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence ofsteps of the method described herein without departing from the concept,spirit and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will beapparent that certain agents which are both chemically andphysiologically related may be substituted for the agents describedherein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All suchsimilar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in theart are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of theinvention as defined by the appended claims.

REFERENCES

The following references, to the extent that they provide exemplaryprocedural or other details supplementary to those set forth herein, arespecifically incorporated herein by reference.

-   Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Third Edition, CTFA, 1982-   International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fourth edition, CTFA,    1991-   International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Tenth    Edition, CTFA, 2004-   International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Twelfth    Edition, CTFA, 2008

1. A method of treating skin to reduce the appearance of wrinkles,increase moisturization, lighten skin, reduce inflammation, increaseskin elasticity, and/or increase skin firmness, the method comprisingtopically applying to the skin an effective amount of a topicalcomposition comprising Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Olea europaea(olive) fruit oil, and Argania spinosa kernel oil wherein thecomposition reduces melanin secretion, inhibits TNF-α secretion,increases collagen production, increases elastin production, increaseslaminin production, and/or increases fibronectin production.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the topical composition further comprises aneffective amount of jojoba esters, adenosine, sodium hyaluronate, andButyrospermum parkii (shea butter).
 3. The method of claim 2, whereinthe topical composition comprises 0.1 to 5% w/w of Persea gratissima(avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, 0.1 to5% w/w of Argania spinosa kernel oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of jojoba esters,0.001 to 1% w/w of adenosine, 0.001 to 1% w/w of sodium hyaluronate,and/or 0.01 to 5% w/w of Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter).
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the topical composition further comprises aneffective amount of Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, hybridsunflower oil, and Crambe abyssinica seed oil.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein the topical composition comprises 0.1 to 5% w/w of Perseagratissima (avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Olea europaea (olive) fruitoil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Argania spinosa kernel oil, 0.1 to 10% w/w ofLimnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of hybrid sunfloweroil, and 0.01 to 5% w/w of Crambe abyssinica seed oil.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the topical composition further comprises an effectiveamount of Daucus carota sativa (carrot) root extract to increasecollagen production in skin, reduce inflammation in skin, prevent skindarkening, and/or lighten dark spots in skin.
 7. The method of claim 6,wherein the topical composition comprises 0.01 to 5% w/w of Daucuscarota sativa (carrot) root extract.
 8. The method of claim 1, whereinthe topical composition further comprises 20 to 45% w/w of light mineraloil.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the topical composition is anemulsion, serum, gel, gel emulsion, or gel serum.
 10. A topicalcomposition comprising an effective amount of Persea gratissima(avocado) oil, Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, and Argania spinosakernel oil to reduce the appearance of wrinkles on skin, moisturizeskin, decrease inflammation, increase skin firmness, increaseelasticity, and/or lighten skin.
 11. The topical composition of claim10, wherein the topical composition comprises 0.1 to 5% w/w of Perseagratissima (avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Olea europaea (olive) fruitoil, and 0.1 to 5% w/w of Argania spinosa kernel oil.
 12. The topicalcomposition of claim 10, further comprising jojoba esters, adenosine,sodium hyaluronate, and Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter).
 13. Thetopical composition of claim 12, comprising 0.1 to 5% w/w of jojobaesters, 0.001 to 1% w/w of adenosine, 0.001 to 1% w/w of sodiumhyaluronate, and/or 0.01 to 5% w/w of Butyrospermum parkii (sheabutter).
 14. The topical composition of claim 10, further comprising 50to 75% w/w of water.
 15. The topical composition of claim 10, furthercomprising Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, hybrid sunflower oil,and Crambe abyssinica seed oil.
 16. The topical composition of claim 15,comprising 0.1 to 5% w/w of Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, 0.1 to 5%w/w of Olea europaea (olive) fruit oil, 0.1 to 5% w/w of Argania spinosakernel oil, 0.1 to 10% w/w of Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil, 0.1to 5% w/w of hybrid sunflower oil, and 0.01 to 5% w/w of Crambeabyssinica seed oil.
 17. The topical composition of claim 10, whereinthe topical composition further comprises an effective amount of Daucuscarota sativa (carrot) root extract to increase collagen production inskin, reduce inflammation in skin, and/or lighten skin.
 18. The topicalcomposition of claim 17, comprising 0.01 to 5% w/w of Daucus carotasativa (carrot) root extract.
 19. The topical composition of claim 10,further comprising 20 to 45% w/w of light mineral oil.
 20. The topicalcomposition of claim 10, wherein the topical composition is an emulsion,serum, gel, gel emulsion, or gel serum.